diff --git a/daily/2026-04-10.md b/daily/2026-04-10.md new file mode 100644 index 0000000..a7d3f3e --- /dev/null +++ b/daily/2026-04-10.md @@ -0,0 +1,19 @@ +--- +id: 2026-04-10 +aliases: [] +title: 2026-04-10 +tags: + - authorship/original + - destiny/permanent + - status/draft + - type/periodic/daily +dg-publish: true +date-created: 2026-04-10T15:13:30-04:00 +weekly: "[[2026-W15]]" +monthly: "[[2026-04]]" +quarterly: "[[2026-Q2]]" +yearly: "[[2026]]" +--- +# 2026-04-10 + +Made recipe: [[collards]] diff --git a/daily/2026-04-14.md b/daily/2026-04-14.md new file mode 100644 index 0000000..600ac31 --- /dev/null +++ b/daily/2026-04-14.md @@ -0,0 +1,21 @@ +--- +id: 2026-04-14 +aliases: [] +title: 2026-04-14 +tags: + - authorship/original + - destiny/permanent + - status/draft + - type/periodic/daily +dg-publish: true +date-created: 2026-04-14T15:11:48-04:00 +weekly: "[[2026-W16]]" +monthly: "[[2026-04]]" +quarterly: "[[2026-Q2]]" +yearly: "[[2026]]" +--- +# 2026-04-14 + +Made recipes: +* [[granola]] +* [[banana-bread]] diff --git a/snyder_2020_voltage-drop-calculations.md b/snyder_2020_voltage-drop-calculations.md new file mode 100644 index 0000000..d1b9974 --- /dev/null +++ b/snyder_2020_voltage-drop-calculations.md @@ -0,0 +1,190 @@ +--- +id: +aliases: [] +title: Voltage Drop Calculations +tags: + - authorship/other + - destiny/permanent + - status/incomplete + - topic/construction/electrical + - type/media/article +author: David A. Snyder, PE +dg-publish: false +year: 2020 +--- +# Voltage Drop Calculations + +%% +[E426_Voltage_Drop_Tables.pdf](https://pdhonline.com/courses/e426/E426_Voltage_Drop_Tables.pdf) +retrieved from [pdhonline.com "Voltage Drop Calculations"](https://pdhonline.com/courses/e426/e426_new.htm) + +PDHonline Course E426 (3 PDH) + +Local copy saved as [[snyder_2020_voltage-drop-calculations.pdf]] +%% + +## Introduction + +#### Table 1 --- Quick Guide to Voltage Drop Formulas + +## Voltage Drop and the National Electrical Code + +### Branch Circuits + +### Feeders + +### Sensitive Electronic Equipment + +### Other Considerations + +## Common Formulas for Voltage Drop Calculations + +### Single-Phase Approximate Voltage Drop Formulas + +#### Figure 1 --- Single-Phase, Two-Wire Voltage-Drop Circuit Diagram + +#### Figure 2 --- Distributed Resistance in Conductors + +#### Table 2 --- Derivation of the Value of K for Copper Conductors + +#### Figure 3 --- Single-Phase, Three-Wire Voltage-Drop Circuit Diagram + +### Three-Phase Approximate Voltage Drop Formulas + +#### Figure 4 --- Three-Phase Wye-Connected with Neutral Voltage-Drop Circuit Diagram + +### No Neutral Current in a Balanced Three-Phase System? + +#### Figure 5 --- Balanced, Wye-Connected, Three-Phase, Resistance Load, with Neutral Connection + +#### Figure 6 --- Balanced, Wye-Connected, Three-Phase 10 KW Load at 480 V + +### √3 Relationship of Three-Phase Voltages + +#### Figure 7 --- 480Y/277V Wye-Delta Voltage Relationship + +#### Figure 8 --Wye-Delta Voltage Relationship --- Right Triangle Geometry + +#### Figure 9 --- 208Y/120V Wye-Delta Voltage Relationship + +### Why the √3 Is Used in Balanced, Three-Phase Voltage Drop Calculations + +#### Figure 10 --- The Square Root of Three in Three-Phase Voltage-Drop Calculations + +## Table 9 in the NEC + +### Which Columns Are Applicable? + +### XL (Reactance) + +### Alternating-Current Resistance + +### Effective Z at 0.85 PF + +#### Table 3 --- Selected Effective Z Calculations at 0.85 PF (Ohms-to-Neutral per 1,000 feet) . 21 + +### Effective Z at Any Power Factor: Note 2 to Table 9 in the NEC + +#### Table 4 --- Effective Z Calculations for Selected Wire Sizes at Various Power Factors (Ohms-to-Neutral per 1,000 feet) + +## Note 2 to Table 8 in the NEC + +### Phasor Diagrams of Resistance, Reactance, and Impedance for Conductors + +#### Figure 11 --- Phasor Diagram of Resistance, Reactance, and Impedance for 12 AWG Copper Conductors in Steel Conduit at 0.85 PF + +#### Figure 12 --- Phasor Diagram of Resistance, Reactance, and Impedance for 12 AWG Copper Conductors in Steel Conduit at Selected Power Factor Values + +#### Figure 13 --- Phasor Diagram of Resistance, Reactance, and Impedance for 250 KCMIL Copper Conductors in Steel Conduit at 0.85 PF + +#### Figure 14 --- Phasor Diagram of Resistance, Reactance, and Impedance for 500 KCMIL Copper Conductors in Steel Conduit at 0.85 PF + +#### Figure 15 --- Phasor Diagram of Resistance, Reactance, and Impedance for 500 KCMIL Copper Conductors in Steel Conduit at Selected Power Factor Values + +### Estimated Vdrop Derived from Impedance Phasor Diagrams + +#### Figure 16 --- Applying 300 Amps to the Impedance Phasor Diagram for 500 KCMIL Copper Conductors in Steel Conduit at Selected Power Factor Values + +### Estimated Vdrop, Single-Phase: + +### Estimated Vdrop, Three-Phase: + +## Voltage Drop Phasor Diagram in IEEE Standard 141 (Red Book) + +#### Figure 17 --- IEEE Phasor Diagram of Voltage Drop + +#### Figure 18 --- Vertical Components of Phasor Diagram of Voltage Drop + +#### Figure 19 --- Triangle Formed by Vs, Vr + Estimated Vdrop, and IXcosΦ-IRsinΦ + +#### Figure 20 --- When the Vector I * Z Really Is the Actual Vdrop + +#### Figure 21 --- If Conductor X > R, the Error Increases as Power Factor Increases + +## Calculating the Error Shown in the IEEE Phasor Diagram + +#### Figure 22 --- Finding the Height h of a Circular Segment + +### Single-Phase Formulas for Error and Actual Vdrop: + +### Three-Phase Formulas for Error and Actual Vdrop: + +#### Table 5 --- Error Voltage Drop Calculations for Real-World Examples in Next Section + +## Real-World Examples + +#### Table 6 --- Real-World Examples + +### 10 Hp Motor at 480V/3Φ with 12 AWG Conductors + +#### Figure 23 --- Line-to-Neutral Voltage Drop for 10 Hp Motor at 480V/3Φ with 200' of 12 AWG Conductors + +#### Table 7 --- Line-to-Line Voltage Drop for 10 Hp Motor at 480V/3Φ with 200' of 12 AWG Conductors + +### 15 KW Heater at 480V/3Φ with 10 AWG Conductors + +#### Figure 24 --- Line-to-Neutral Voltage Drop for 15 KW Load at 480V/3Φ with 200' of 10 AWG Conductors + +#### Table 8 --- Line-to-Line Voltage Drop for 15 KW Load at 480V/3Φ with 200' of 10 AWG Conductors + +### 250 Hp Motor at 480V/3Φ with 500 KCMIL Conductors + +#### Figure 25 --- Line-to-Neutral Voltage Drop for 250 Hp Motor at 480V/3Φ with 200' of 500 KCMIL Conductors + +#### Table 9 --- Line-to-Line Voltage Drop for 250 Hp Motor at 480V/3Φ with 200' of 500 KCMIL Conductors + +## Rearranging the Formulas Used for Approximate Vdrop + +### Single-Phase Voltage Drop Formulas --- Rearranged + +#### Table 10 --- Voltage Drop for 10 A Load at 120V/1Φ with 100' of 10 AWG Conductors + +### Three-Phase Voltage Drop Formulas --- Rearranged + +## Other Considerations + +### Increase Equipment Grounding Conductor Size + +### Increase Grounded (Neutral) Conductor Size + +### Verify Wire Size and Quantity Capacity of Terminations at Both Ends + +### Verify Conduit Size + +### Rule-of-Thumb + +### Converting Formulas from Single-Phase to Three-Phase + +#### Table 11 --- Voltage Drop for 10 A Load at 120V/1Φ with 120' of 12 AWG Conductors + +#### Table 12 --- Voltage Drop for 10 A Load at 208V/3Φ with 208' of 12 AWG Conductors + +#### Table 13 --- Voltage Drop for 10 A Load at 277V/1Φ with 277' of 12 AWG Conductors + +#### Table 14 --- Voltage Drop for 10 A Load at 480V/3Φ with 480' of 12 AWG Conductors + +## In Closing + +## Abbreviations + +## Additional Reading diff --git a/timestamped/2026-04-15_09-18-45.md b/timestamped/2026-04-15_09-18-45.md new file mode 100644 index 0000000..9ee8119 --- /dev/null +++ b/timestamped/2026-04-15_09-18-45.md @@ -0,0 +1,32 @@ +--- +id: 2026-04-15T09:18:45-04:00 +aliases: [] +title: 2026-04-15 09:18:45 +tags: + - authorship/original + - destiny/permanent + - status/draft + - type/periodic/timestamped +dg-publish: true +date-created: 2026-04-15T09:18:45-04:00 +daily: "[[2026-04-15]]" +weekly: "[[2026-W16]]" +monthly: "[[2026-04]]" +quarterly: "[[2026-Q2]]" +yearly: "[[2026]]" +--- +# 2026-04-15 09:18:45 + +[[snyder_2020_voltage-drop-calculations]] +closes with this string of [Morse code](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Morse_code):[^1] + +```morse +.-. . ... .--. . -.-. - ..-. ..- .-.. .-.. -.-- ... ..- -... -- .. - - . -.. +``` + +[^1]: Original characters were converted to ASCII, whitespace normalized. + The sequence reads "RESPECTFULLYSUBMITTED". + +A Morse code translator, +including parser and beeper, +would be a great beginner programming project. diff --git a/timestamped/2026-04-15_11-00-38.md b/timestamped/2026-04-15_11-00-38.md new file mode 100644 index 0000000..f793b48 --- /dev/null +++ b/timestamped/2026-04-15_11-00-38.md @@ -0,0 +1,34 @@ +--- +id: 2026-04-15T11:00:38-04:00 +aliases: [] +title: 2026-04-15 11:00:38 +tags: + - authorship/original + - destiny/permanent + - status/draft + - type/periodic/timestamped +dg-publish: true +date-created: 2026-04-15T11:00:38-04:00 +daily: "[[2026-04-15]]" +weekly: "[[2026-W16]]" +monthly: "[[2026-04]]" +quarterly: "[[2026-Q2]]" +yearly: "[[2026]]" +--- +# 2026-04-15 11:00:38 + +## Equipment Grounding Conductor Sizing + +[[virginia-live-casino-and-hotel]] +one-lines specify ~~a feeder~~ as +`(6) SETS OF: 4#600, 1#450G, 4"C.` + +The use of 450kcmil for the EGC is strange: + +* It is not a size specified by + [[nfpa-70_250_grounding#Table 250.122 Minimum Size Equipment Grounding Conductors for Grounding Raceway and Equipment|Table 250.122]] + +* it is a non-standard size anyway, + not appearing in [[nfpa-70_ch09|Chapter 9]] tables, + the [[neca-mlu]], + or our Accubid database. diff --git a/timestamped/2026-04-15_14-54-00.md b/timestamped/2026-04-15_14-54-00.md new file mode 100644 index 0000000..644f3f9 --- /dev/null +++ b/timestamped/2026-04-15_14-54-00.md @@ -0,0 +1,38 @@ +--- +id: 2026-04-15T14:54:00-04:00 +aliases: [] +title: 2026-04-15 14:54:00 +tags: + - authorship/original + - destiny/permanent + - status/draft + - type/periodic/timestamped +dg-publish: true +date-created: 2026-04-15T14:54:00-04:00 +daily: "[[2026-04-15]]" +weekly: "[[2026-W16]]" +monthly: "[[2026-04]]" +quarterly: "[[2026-Q2]]" +yearly: "[[2026]]" +--- +# 2026-04-15 14:54:00 + +## Working While Standing for Focus + +Yesterday Baker (our current project engineer) +asked if I use the standing mode of my desk often. +I told him I really didn't, +except to show multiple people something on my screens. +Thinking of [[kahneman_2011_thinking]], +I stated that this was a conscious choice +because one can not think as deeply while standing as while sitting.[^1] + +[^1]: This is mostly justification for a preexisting behavior. + I think the largest part of my tendency + is that I don't like people watching me work. + +He clarified that he did this in order to _focus_, +which I have heard before but never gave much credit. +I then made the now obvious connection +that impairing deep thinking is exactly the method +by which standing improves focus. diff --git a/timestamped/2026-04-15_15-15-07.md b/timestamped/2026-04-15_15-15-07.md new file mode 100644 index 0000000..dc6beb4 --- /dev/null +++ b/timestamped/2026-04-15_15-15-07.md @@ -0,0 +1,65 @@ +--- +id: 2026-04-15T15:15:07-04:00 +aliases: [] +title: 2026-04-15 15:15:07 +tags: + - authorship/original + - destiny/permanent + - status/draft + - type/periodic/timestamped + - topic/meta +dg-publish: true +date-created: 2026-04-15T15:15:07-04:00 +daily: "[[2026-04-15]]" +weekly: "[[2026-W16]]" +monthly: "[[2026-04]]" +quarterly: "[[2026-Q2]]" +yearly: "[[2026]]" +--- +# 2026-04-15 15:15:07 + +## Considering the Role of Daily Notes in My Vault + +I think daily notes still have a good use case for me, +but I'm not sure of the details. + +What content should be daily and what timestamped +is a matter of the logic of links and tags. + +Daily notes should only contain content _about that day_. + +What's tricky about this is that + +### What Daily Notes Should Contain + +#### Tracking + +``` +Made recipe: [[granola]] +``` + +### What Daily Notes Should Not Contain + +#### Synthesis + +The utility of timestamped notes +is that, since the topic is self contained, +the note's tags apply to all content within it. +Contrast with my previous system, +more like a traditional diary, +where synthesis for myriad topics +was grouped arbitrarily +by the day I happened to make a connection. + +### What Daily Notes Could Contain + +#### Objective Descriptions of Events + +I see two options, neither attractive: + +##### Option 1: Prose + +because it would be very boring to write. + +##### Option 2: Standard Terse Format + diff --git a/timestamped/2026-04-15_15-59-02.md b/timestamped/2026-04-15_15-59-02.md new file mode 100644 index 0000000..7001b44 --- /dev/null +++ b/timestamped/2026-04-15_15-59-02.md @@ -0,0 +1,66 @@ +--- +id: 2026-04-15T15:59:02-04:00 +aliases: [] +title: 2026-04-15 15:59:02 +tags: + - authorship/original + - destiny/permanent + - status/draft + - type/periodic/timestamped +dg-publish: true +date-created: 2026-04-15T15:59:02-04:00 +daily: "[[2026-04-15]]" +weekly: "[[2026-W16]]" +monthly: "[[2026-04]]" +quarterly: "[[2026-Q2]]" +yearly: "[[2026]]" +--- +# 2026-04-15 15:59:02 + +Probably the most obviously helpful convention +of [[note-taking]]/[[personal-knowledge-management]] +that I use in [[this-notebook]] +is how I journal my mistakes. + +1. The **mistake**, + the objectionable actions taken + that lead to the problem. + +2. The **problem**, + the undesirable state resulting from the mistake + This includes the immediate outcome + and, if applicable, the cost of correction. + +3. The **rationale**, + the reason for the mistake. + +*** + +The intent is that by recording this conflict +in as much detail as practical +I can determine what actions I can take +to prevent the most pain from future mistakes. + +*** + +Rationale is the most important part of the entry. +It's not helpful to say +If that's truly what seems to be the cause, +consider your state at the time: +Were you mentally exhausted? +If so, was it due to workload or issues at home? + +"I was being stupid," and "I wasn't thinking," +are not informative rationales. +"I will try harder," and "I will pay more attention" +are not actionable plans. + +*** + +"Mistake" may be a misnomer, +because acceptability is not objective. +For example: +two [[conest]] senior estimators +may disagree on the acceptability of a certain [[heuristics|heuristic]]. +It may still be useful to record criticism from the more stringent senior +as a mistake, even if their position is less popular. diff --git a/timestamped/2026-04-15_17-31-57.md b/timestamped/2026-04-15_17-31-57.md new file mode 100644 index 0000000..880be68 --- /dev/null +++ b/timestamped/2026-04-15_17-31-57.md @@ -0,0 +1,33 @@ +--- +id: 2026-04-15T17:31:57-04:00 +aliases: [] +title: 2026-04-15 17:31:57 +tags: + - authorship/original + - destiny/permanent + - status/draft + - type/periodic/timestamped +dg-publish: true +date-created: 2026-04-15T17:31:57-04:00 +daily: "[[2026-04-15]]" +weekly: "[[2026-W16]]" +monthly: "[[2026-04]]" +quarterly: "[[2026-Q2]]" +yearly: "[[2026]]" +--- +# 2026-04-15 17:31:57 + +A peer, not intending to, +convinced me I should buy my next car +as much over email as possible. + +Consider my requirements for a new vehicle: + +* Reliable make: Honda or Toyota +* Compact [body style](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Car_body_style): + Sedan, Crossover, or Hatchback + (really just not a pickup or SUV) + +I thought that these requirements were too open +to make research like peer suggested impractical, +but I realized now that they narrow my selection considerably.