diff --git a/.obsidian/plugins/recent-files-obsidian/data.json b/.obsidian/plugins/recent-files-obsidian/data.json index 73f37fd..5401b02 100644 --- a/.obsidian/plugins/recent-files-obsidian/data.json +++ b/.obsidian/plugins/recent-files-obsidian/data.json @@ -1,9 +1,29 @@ { "recentFiles": [ + { + "basename": "fire-alarm", + "path": "fire-alarm.md" + }, + { + "basename": "hvac-calculations", + "path": "hvac-calculations.md" + }, + { + "basename": "alternating-current", + "path": "alternating-current.md" + }, { "basename": "conductor-sizing", "path": "conductor-sizing.md" }, + { + "basename": "full-takeoff", + "path": "full-takeoff.md" + }, + { + "basename": "electrical", + "path": "electrical.md" + }, { "basename": "README", "path": "README.md" @@ -12,14 +32,6 @@ "basename": "stochastic-branch-takeoff", "path": "stochastic-branch-takeoff.md" }, - { - "basename": "electrical", - "path": "electrical.md" - }, - { - "basename": "full-takeoff", - "path": "full-takeoff.md" - }, { "basename": "nfpa-70_314_boxes", "path": "nfpa-70_314_boxes.md" @@ -52,10 +64,6 @@ "basename": "nfpa-70_110_requirements-for-electrical-installations", "path": "nfpa-70_110_requirements-for-electrical-installations.md" }, - { - "basename": "alternating-current", - "path": "alternating-current.md" - }, { "basename": "construction-estimating", "path": "construction-estimating.md" @@ -191,14 +199,6 @@ { "basename": "functional-labor-factoring", "path": "functional-labor-factoring.md" - }, - { - "basename": "gold-plating", - "path": "gold-plating.md" - }, - { - "basename": "functional-estimating", - "path": "functional-estimating.md" } ], "omittedPaths": [], diff --git a/alternating-current.md b/alternating-current.md index cf271b4..9591699 100644 --- a/alternating-current.md +++ b/alternating-current.md @@ -36,27 +36,32 @@ The voltage measured between any line and neutral is called phase voltage. 208Y/120V 480Y/277V +In a 3-phase wye connected system, +ignoring the difference in voltage, +is voltage drop calculated differently +between a line to line load and a line to neutral load + ### Voltage Systems 120/240V 1-Phase 3-Wire: -- 120V 1-Phase 2-Wire # Line to Neutral -- 240V 1-Phase 2-Wire # Line to Line +* 120V 1-Phase 2-Wire # Line to Neutral +* 240V 1-Phase 2-Wire # Line to Line 120/208V 3-Phase 4-Wire: -- 120V 1-Phase 2-Wire # Line to Neutral -- 208V 1-Phase 2-Wire # Line to Line -- 208V 3-Phase 3-Wire # Line to Lines +* 120V 1-Phase 2-Wire # Line to Neutral +* 208V 1-Phase 2-Wire # Line to Line +* 208V 3-Phase 3-Wire # Line to Lines 277/480V 3-Phase 4-Wire: -- 277V 1-Phase 2-Wire # Line to Neutral -- 480V 1-Phase 2-Wire # Line to Line -- 480V 3-Phase 3-Wire # Line to Lines +* 277V 1-Phase 2-Wire # Line to Neutral +* 480V 1-Phase 2-Wire # Line to Line +* 480V 3-Phase 3-Wire # Line to Lines wiring-configurations: -- 1-Phase 2-Wire # Line to Neutral or Line to Line -- 1-Phase 3-Wire # Line to Line and Line to Neutral -- 3-Phase 3-Wire # Line to Lines -- 3-Phase 4-Wire # Line to Lines and Line to Neutral +* 1-Phase 2-Wire # Line to Neutral or Line to Line +* 1-Phase 3-Wire # Line to Line and Line to Neutral +* 3-Phase 3-Wire # Line to Lines +* 3-Phase 4-Wire # Line to Lines and Line to Neutral ## Active and Reactive Power @@ -65,27 +70,27 @@ and the electromagnetic "inertia" of inductance and capacitance, inherent of all matter, the power in an AC circuit is divided into two components: -- **Active Power** +* **Active Power** (abbreviated $P$, measured in watts) - also known as real power, is power that *does work*. + also known as real power, is power that _does work_. -- **Reactive Power** +* **Reactive Power** (abbreviated $Q$, measured in volt-amperes reactive (VAR)) transfers no net energy to the load. derived from these components are others: -- **Complex Power** +* **Complex Power** (abbreviated $S$, measured in volt-amperes (VA)) is the vector sum of the active and reactive components. It is "complex" because it exists on the real and imaginary axes of active and reactive power respectively. -- **Apparent Power** +* **Apparent Power** (abbreviated $|S|$, measured in volt-amperes (VA)) is the magnitude of the complex power vector. -- **Power Factor** +* **Power Factor** (abbreviated $\text{PF}$, unitless) is the ratio of active power to apparent power. @@ -97,16 +102,3 @@ $$ Capacitance and inductance can both be measured in VAR, but their effects cancel each other out rather than add. - -## Motors - -1hp = 746 watts - -full-load current (FLC) / full-load amperes (FLA) - -minimum circuit ampacity (MCA) - -$$ -\text{MCA} = 1.25 \times \text{FLC} -$$ - diff --git a/conductor-sizing.md b/conductor-sizing.md index fb5b439..443b585 100644 --- a/conductor-sizing.md +++ b/conductor-sizing.md @@ -116,28 +116,45 @@ either for spec requirements or conduit fill considerations. ## Voltage Drop $$ -V_d = I \times R \times L \times M +Z = R \cos(\theta) + X \sin(\theta) $$ where -* $V_d$ = Voltage Drop in volts ($V$) -* $I$ = Current in Amperes ($A$) -* $R$ = Feeder linear resistance in ohms per foot ($VA^{-1}\text{ft}^{-1}$) +* $Z$ = Effective impedance +* $R$ = AC resistance +* $X$ = Reactance +* $\theta$ = Power factor angle = $\arccos(PF)$ + +> [!info] 1-Phase, Line to Neutral Voltage Drop +> +> $$ +> \Delta V_{LN} = I \times Z \times 2L +> $$ + +> [!info] 1-Phase, Line to Line Voltage Drop +> +> $$ +> \Delta V_{LL} = \sqrt{3} \times I \times Z \times 2L +> $$ + +> [!info] 3-Phase Voltage Drop +> +> $$ +> \Delta V_{3\phi} = \sqrt{3} \times I \times Z \times L +> $$ + +where +* $\Delta V$ = Voltage drop in volts ($V$) +* $I$ = Current in amperes ($A$) * $L$ = Length of wire one way in feet ($\text{ft}$) -* $M$ = Multiplier - * $2$ for 1-phase - * $\sqrt{3}$ for 3-phase It is often more useful to know the maximum length a certain wiring configuration is suitable for. $$ -L = \frac{ V_d }{ I \times M } \times \frac{1}{R} +L = \frac{ \Delta V }{ I \times M } \times \frac{1}{Z} $$ -* $L$ = Max length of wire one way in feet ($\text{ft}$) -* $\frac{ V_d }{ I \times M }$ = Max circuit resistance in ohms ($VA^{-1}$) - > [!info] Ohm's Law > > $$ @@ -148,6 +165,24 @@ $$ > "Current" is not the OCPD rating, > but the actual load. +## Parallel Runs + +The equivalent resistance of parallel resistances is given by + +$$ +\frac{1}{R_{\text{eq}}} = \frac{1}{R_1} + \frac{1}{R_2} + \frac{1}{R_3} + \dots +$$ + +For $P$ parallel resistances of value $R$ + +$$ +\begin{align*} +\frac{1}{R_{\text{eq}}} &= P \times \left(\frac{1}{R}\right) \\ + &= \frac{P}{R} \\ + R_{\text{eq}} &= \frac{R}{P} +\end{align*} +$$ + ## Transformers $$ @@ -159,21 +194,14 @@ $$ * $V$ = feeder voltage * $E$ = efficiency -## Parallel Runs +## Motors + +1 electric horsepower = 746 watts + +full-load current (FLC) / full-load amperes (FLA) + +minimum circuit ampacity (MCA) $$ -\frac{1}{R_{\text{eq}}} = \frac{1}{R_1} + \frac{1}{R_2} + \frac{1}{R_3} + \dots +\text{MCA} = 1.25 \times \text{FLC} $$ - -where $R_1 = R_n$: - -$$ -\begin{align*} -\frac{1}{R_{\text{eq}}} &= P \times \left(\frac{1}{R_1}\right) \\ - &= \frac{P}{R_1} \\ - R_{\text{eq}} &= \frac{R_1}{P} -\end{align*} -$$ - -where -* $P$ = Number of parallel runs diff --git a/electrical.md b/electrical.md index 284f1cd..3d075b3 100644 --- a/electrical.md +++ b/electrical.md @@ -52,6 +52,9 @@ Wiring devices and their wall plates are a common target of [[gold-plating]]. Unit condensing units +Put homeruns on the `Area` of the dwelling unit. +Put connections on the `Area` of the CU. + .../`CONDENSOR HOME RUNS` .../`CU CONDENSER SLEEVE W/ FLEX - NO HMRN WIRE` diff --git a/fire-alarm.md b/fire-alarm.md index 3fb82b3..40e1eea 100644 --- a/fire-alarm.md +++ b/fire-alarm.md @@ -9,6 +9,13 @@ tags: ## Info +### Fire Command Center (FCC) + +> [!info] Also Known As +> Emergency Command Center (ECC) +> Fire Alarm Command Center (FACC) +> Fire Alarm Command Room (FACR) + ## Sequence ### 1. Preparation @@ -26,19 +33,24 @@ tags: ### 2. Takeoff -#### Fire Command Center +#### Backbone + +Put all backbone takeoff in the `Area` of the Fire Command Center. +Include [[sleeving]] as necessary. + +##### Fire Command Center `COMMON ASSEMBLIES`/`FIRE ALARM & DAS SYSTEMS`/`HEAD END EQUIP`/`... HEAD END` -#### Generator Room +##### Generator Room `COMMON ASSEMBLIES`/`FIRE ALARM & DAS SYSTEMS`/`GEN, ELEV, FIRE PUMP & FA ROOM ASSEMBLIES`/`GENERATOR ROOM ...` -#### Fire Pump Room +##### Fire Pump Room `COMMON ASSEMBLIES`/`FIRE ALARM & DAS SYSTEMS`/`GEN, ELEV, FIRE PUMP & FA ROOM ASSEMBLIES`/`FIRE PUMP ROOM ...` -#### FACR to Elevator Shafts +##### FACR to Elevator Shafts `COMMON ASSEMBLIES`/`FIRE ALARM & DAS SYSTEMS`/`GEN, ELEV, FIRE PUMP & FA ROOM ASSEMBLIES`/`ELEV SHAFT ...` @@ -57,7 +69,7 @@ Input adder length to reach the bottom of the pit | | | ``` -#### FACR to Elevator Control Rooms +##### FACR to Elevator Control Rooms `COMMON ASSEMBLIES`/`FIRE ALARM & DAS SYSTEMS`/`GEN, ELEV, FIRE PUMP & FA ROOM ASSEMBLIES`/`ELEV CONTROL ROOM ...` @@ -67,7 +79,7 @@ Input adder length to reach the bottom of the pit * Use Typicals for the vertical riser. (Ex// 10' per floor) * Add [[sleeving]] as necessary. -#### FACR to Stairwells +##### FACR to Stairwells This is for the Flow/Tamper modules in the stairwells @@ -75,7 +87,7 @@ This is for the Flow/Tamper modules in the stairwells * Measure from the furthest end of FACR to the furthest end of the stairwell to find length -#### Terminal Cabinets +##### Terminal Cabinets `COMMON ASSEMBLIES`/`FIRE ALARM & DAS SYSTEMS`/`TERMINAL CABINET`/`ACE D ACCESSORY CABINET ENCLOSURE (2) 2" ...` @@ -89,7 +101,7 @@ Vertical: * Use 10ft Riser in Typical * Add [[sleeving]] as necessary. -#### Annunciator Panels +##### Annunciator Panels > [!info] Also Known As > * Fire Alarm Annunciator (FAA) @@ -99,25 +111,27 @@ Vertical: * Measure from the Fire Command Room to FAA or Lobby -#### Smoke Detectors +#### Devices + +##### Smoke Detectors _Design Build:_ Count every stairwell at every level. -#### Pull Stations +##### Pull Stations _Design Build:_ Count every stairwell at every level and every exterior exit. -#### Flow-Tamper Switches +##### Flow-Tamper Switches No free air. if wood frame, take off as EMT. _Design Build:_ Count every stairwell at every level. -#### Magnetic Door Holders +##### Magnetic Door Holders `COMMON ASSEMBLIES`/`FIRE ALARM & DAS SYSTEMS`/`INDICATING DEVICES WITH WIRE - ...`/`MAGNETIC DOOR HOLDER - ...` @@ -125,7 +139,7 @@ _Design Build:_ Count every set of double doors. (Typical of elevator lobbies and corridors) -#### Speaker Strobes +##### Speaker Strobes _Design Build:_ * Count every 75 ft, @@ -135,7 +149,7 @@ _Design Build:_ * every elevator lobby, * and every BOH room on the first floor and garage levels. -#### Firefighter Phone System +##### Firefighter Phone System * firefighter phone jacks * fire warden station @@ -146,7 +160,7 @@ Not related to responder radio. `COMMON ASSEMBLIES`/`FIRE ALARM & DAS SYSTEMS`/`COMMUNICATION DEVICES ...`/`...` -#### Fire Smoke Dampers (FSD's) +##### Fire Smoke Dampers (FSD's) Take off both FA @@ -158,4 +172,4 @@ and Electrical ### 3. Review -* Sleeving +* [[sleeving]] diff --git a/hvac-calculations.md b/hvac-calculations.md new file mode 100644 index 0000000..970e928 --- /dev/null +++ b/hvac-calculations.md @@ -0,0 +1,89 @@ +--- +id: +aliases: [] +tags: [] +--- +# HVAC Calculations + +## Units + +### British Thermal Unit + +Unit of heat energy + +There are several definitions of the Btu, +HVAC uses the IT definition, +abbreviated BtuIT + +$$ +\begin{align*} +1 \text{Btu}_\text{IT} &= \left( 4.1868 \times 453.59237 \times{\frac{5}{9}} \right) \text{J} \\ +&\approx 1055.056 \text{J} +\end{align*} +$$ + +More common than Btu itself is +thousand British thermal units per hour (MBH), +a unit of power. + +$$ +\begin{align*} +1 \text{MBH} &= 1000 \text{Btu/hr} \\ +&\approx 3.412 \text{W} +\end{align*} +$$ + +### Ton of Refrigeration (TR or TOR) + +Unit of power + +> [!info] Also Known As +> * refrigeration ton (RT) +> * ton (refrigeration) + +$$ +\begin{align*} +1 \text{TR} &= 12000 \text{Btu}_\text{IT}/\text{h} \\ +&\approx 3516.853 \text{W} +\end{align*} +$$ + +### Cubic Feet per Minute (CFM) + +Unit of volumetric flow + +## Measures + +### Airflow + +* CFM + +External static pressure (ESP) +measured in inches of water + +### Heating/Cooling Capacity + +* Tons (refrigeration) +* MBH + +Entering air temperature (EAT) +Leaving air temperature (LAT) +Mixed air temperature (MAT) + +Latent heat +Sensible heat + +Sensible -> dry bulb +Latent -> wet bulb + +#### ??? + +OSA EAT (F) +EXH EAT (F) + +IN S.L. +OUT ALT. + +### Efficiency + +* η (eta)