vault backup: 2025-12-10 15:58:11
This commit is contained in:
Vendored
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{
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"path": "lilypond"
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"path": "lilypond --svg"
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}
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"ignoreTags": "",
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"hideOnRootTags": "",
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"sortType": "DISPNAME_ASC",
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"sortExactFirst": false,
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"sortExactFirst": true,
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"sortTypeTag": "NAME_ASC",
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"expandLimit": 0,
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"disableNestedTags": false,
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@@ -6,7 +6,7 @@ tags:
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- destiny/uncertain
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- exclude-from-word-count
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- status/complete
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- type/media
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- type/media/article
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type: article
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title: Rev. William Alexander And Wife Killed In Airplane Crash
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url: https://gateway.okhistory.org/ark:/67531/metadc2193346/
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@@ -1,16 +1,20 @@
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---
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id: 2025-07-18_estimating-isnt-engineering
|
||||
aliases: []
|
||||
title: 2025-07-18
|
||||
tags:
|
||||
- authorship/original
|
||||
- destiny/permanent
|
||||
- status/incomplete
|
||||
- topic/construction
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- topic/estimating
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- type/anecdote
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- authorship/original
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- topic/construction
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title: Estimating Isn't Engineering
|
||||
---
|
||||
# Estimating Isn't Engineering
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||||
# 2025-07-18
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||||
|
||||
## 2025-07-18 --- "Estimating Isn't Engineering"
|
||||
|
||||
#topic/estimating
|
||||
|
||||
A peer recently expressed frustration to me
|
||||
about the declining quality of construction drawings,
|
||||
@@ -13,6 +13,8 @@ title: 2025-10-26
|
||||
|
||||
## 2025-10-26 18:36 --- Sunday evening
|
||||
|
||||
#topic/hobbies/reading
|
||||
|
||||
I read Harlan Ellison's _I Have No Mouth, and I Must Scream_ this morning.
|
||||
It took me about two hours. What may be curious about that is the story is
|
||||
less than six thousand words. What I did for _IHNMAIMS_, though---and what I've
|
||||
|
||||
+8
-4
@@ -13,6 +13,8 @@ title: 2025-10-31
|
||||
|
||||
## 2025-10-31 18:26 --- Friday Evening
|
||||
|
||||
#topic/hobbies/birding
|
||||
|
||||
This morning as I was leaving for work I saw a massive congregation
|
||||
of all the walky water birds I love so much. A hundred and more, milling about
|
||||
in-the early sunrise. The banks were covered in ibises picking at the grass
|
||||
@@ -29,15 +31,17 @@ and pointing a gun instead of my phone's camera; but I also saw a beautiful
|
||||
great blue heron (_Ardea herodias_)---which, despite the wide berth I gave it,
|
||||
fled like its little cousin at my interest---and a common gallinule
|
||||
(_Gallinula galeata_), the latter I positively identified for the first time
|
||||
today. They have absurdly large feet, moorso the juveniles.\*
|
||||
today. They have absurdly large feet, moorso[^1] the juveniles.
|
||||
|
||||
\*The common gallinule was formerly known as the common moorhen, only split from
|
||||
the Old World species (_Gallinula chloropus_) in July 2011. It may still be more
|
||||
widely known as "moorhen" , thus the pun.
|
||||
[^1]: The common gallinule was formerly known as the common moorhen, only split from
|
||||
the Old World species (_Gallinula chloropus_) in July 2011. It may still be more
|
||||
widely known as "moorhen", thus the pun.
|
||||
|
||||
Today was a good day---I've been at this for a while, one second...
|
||||
|
||||
## 2025-10-31 19:48 --- Late Friday Evening, Halloween btw
|
||||
|
||||
#topic/hobbies/birding
|
||||
|
||||
Today was a good day. If I could see so many gorgeous creatures every day
|
||||
as I have this one I might never shed another tear. I love birds.
|
||||
|
||||
+5
-3
@@ -17,19 +17,21 @@ Somehow I've already let an hour get away from me.
|
||||
Today I need to do some cleaning: a load of laundry and leftover dishes
|
||||
at least. I'll do those after I finish this note, plus some pushups, before
|
||||
I shower and change to go visit the birds across the street. Later I'll need
|
||||
to go to the store for more sliced almonds and coconut oil so I can make gran
|
||||
ola for tomorrow's breakfast. I'll go to Walmart so I can get a new mattress
|
||||
to go to the store for more sliced almonds and coconut oil so I can make granola
|
||||
for tomorrow's breakfast. I'll go to Walmart so I can get a new mattress
|
||||
protector, too. Copy paper, a 3-hole punch and a small binder would also be
|
||||
nice for my typewriter journaling.
|
||||
|
||||
## 2025-11-01 07:06 --- Saturday Morning
|
||||
|
||||
I wasted more time doomscrolling after my last note, but I did manage
|
||||
to do the laundry, dishes and pushups. Now I need to shower and dress in time
|
||||
to do the laundry, dishes, and pushups. Now I need to shower and dress in time
|
||||
to see the birds.
|
||||
|
||||
## 2025-11-01 08:25
|
||||
|
||||
#topic/hobbies/birding
|
||||
|
||||
There were fewer than yesterday, but still a ton. There was a chill, but
|
||||
I was dressed well for it. I think with exposure the birds will get used to
|
||||
mg presence. I saw a bald eagle (_Haliaeetus leucocephalus_) for the first time
|
||||
|
||||
+19
-15
@@ -1,51 +1,55 @@
|
||||
---
|
||||
id:
|
||||
aliases: []
|
||||
title: 2025-11-04
|
||||
tags:
|
||||
- authorship/original
|
||||
- destiny/permanent
|
||||
- status/complete
|
||||
- type/minutes
|
||||
title: 2025-11-04 Belle Meade Director Review
|
||||
---
|
||||
# 2025-11-04 Belle Meade Director Review
|
||||
# 2025-11-04
|
||||
|
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## Takeoff Review
|
||||
## 2025-11-04 Belle Meade Director Review
|
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#occupational
|
||||
|
||||
### Takeoff Review
|
||||
|
||||
Reviewed takeoff by system.
|
||||
|
||||
### Retail Village Temporary Power
|
||||
#### Retail Village Temporary Power
|
||||
|
||||
Joel changed square foot budgets to temporary pole budgets only
|
||||
due to minimal scope (warm shell).
|
||||
|
||||
### Generator Scope
|
||||
#### Generator Scope
|
||||
|
||||
Confirmed generator quotes include furnishing docking station.
|
||||
|
||||
### Feeder Lengths
|
||||
#### Feeder Lengths
|
||||
|
||||
Confirmed validity of longer feeder lengths:
|
||||
Generator to Tower B
|
||||
|
||||
### Grounding
|
||||
#### Grounding
|
||||
|
||||
Takeoff appears to be missing some or all grounding.
|
||||
To be added if necessary.
|
||||
|
||||
### Subfeed Sizing
|
||||
#### Subfeed Sizing
|
||||
|
||||
Based on ampacity, subfeeds are oversized.
|
||||
Sizing was per feeder schedule.
|
||||
Takeoff approved unchanged.
|
||||
|
||||
### Undercabinet Wiremold
|
||||
#### Undercabinet Wiremold
|
||||
|
||||
Multi-outlet assemblies above unit kitchen countertops were not taken off,
|
||||
nor was branch wiring for the same.
|
||||
Joel to confirm takeoff requirement with bid.
|
||||
|
||||
### Amenity Homeruns
|
||||
#### Amenity Homeruns
|
||||
|
||||
No homeruns for amenity lighting or electrical were taken off.
|
||||
Joel to add these.
|
||||
@@ -54,7 +58,7 @@ Joel to add these.
|
||||
> Corwin stated that---assuming no overriding specification---
|
||||
> up to 6 circuits in a raceway are permissible.
|
||||
|
||||
### Lighting Control
|
||||
#### Lighting Control
|
||||
|
||||
Lighting control takeoff was reviewed,
|
||||
no changes were recommended.
|
||||
@@ -65,18 +69,18 @@ no changes were recommended.
|
||||
> noting quantities of lighting zones and controllers,
|
||||
> even where not explicitly shown.
|
||||
|
||||
### Telecom
|
||||
#### Telecom
|
||||
|
||||
Confirmed unit telecom requirements.
|
||||
|
||||
Backbone was mistakenly taken off in Telecom.
|
||||
|
||||
### Retail Fire Alarm
|
||||
#### Retail Fire Alarm
|
||||
|
||||
Retail village fire alarm devices were taken off free-air,
|
||||
Joel to substitute for EMT.
|
||||
|
||||
## Extension Review
|
||||
### Extension Review
|
||||
|
||||
Reviewed extension quantities and costs.
|
||||
Of particular note were:
|
||||
@@ -86,7 +90,7 @@ Of particular note were:
|
||||
* cable
|
||||
* wiring devices
|
||||
|
||||
## Labor Plan Review
|
||||
### Labor Plan Review
|
||||
|
||||
Hours per square foot was lower than expected,
|
||||
this was rationalized as being due
|
||||
|
||||
+3
-1
@@ -13,6 +13,8 @@ title: 2025-11-06
|
||||
|
||||
## 2025-11-06 18:12 "Bad Bid Practice"
|
||||
|
||||
#topic/estimating #topic/transparency
|
||||
|
||||
I might be reprimanded for the things I've said about deceptive bid practices
|
||||
were I to repeat them to the wrong person,
|
||||
but I can't, in good conscience, take them back.
|
||||
@@ -23,7 +25,7 @@ perfect jobs turned into absurd overruns,
|
||||
and historied relationships with good customers soured
|
||||
by people trying to play poker instead of just selling a service.
|
||||
|
||||
Now I feel myself sour when I see the same warning signs.
|
||||
Now I feel _myself_ sour when I see the same warning signs.
|
||||
|
||||
> [!quote] Proverbs 21:6, New International Version
|
||||
> A fortune made by a lying tongue
|
||||
|
||||
+7
-1
@@ -42,6 +42,8 @@ like music and style and... birdwatching...
|
||||
|
||||
## 2025-11-10 10:40
|
||||
|
||||
#topic/estimating
|
||||
|
||||
A significant change from Ace to PDI in my mentality during takeoff
|
||||
is that I now tend to expect that (within reason)
|
||||
"holes" in takeoff scripts are _intentional omissions_,
|
||||
@@ -49,6 +51,8 @@ not holes in cost coverage.
|
||||
|
||||
## 2025-11-10 11:14
|
||||
|
||||
#occupational/takeoff
|
||||
|
||||
I was updating my notes,
|
||||
filling in gaps in scripts based on Joel's,
|
||||
when I noticed a strange paragraph:
|
||||
@@ -99,6 +103,8 @@ to be used whole-cloth on all estimates.
|
||||
|
||||
### "Feeder"
|
||||
|
||||
#topic/construction/electrical
|
||||
|
||||
The NEC definition of feeder is quite strict.
|
||||
I'm certain I misuse it frequently.
|
||||
|
||||
@@ -120,7 +126,7 @@ I can't remember now if I knew it before today,
|
||||
but my relationship with Dale, my former manager,
|
||||
while never "good", was much improved when I started
|
||||
pushing back on his direction and feedback. I became
|
||||
an estimator where before I was just someone who
|
||||
an estimator, where before I was just someone who
|
||||
could estimate for him. He hated it, and let me know,
|
||||
but I never felt more sure of my position.
|
||||
|
||||
|
||||
@@ -13,6 +13,8 @@ title: 2025-11-11
|
||||
|
||||
## 2025-11-11 06:06 --- Tuesday Morning, Before Work
|
||||
|
||||
#topic/estimating
|
||||
|
||||
One of the most appealing aspects of estimating
|
||||
to me is the dynamic we have with our employers.
|
||||
my experience was at Ace that estimators act like,
|
||||
@@ -37,6 +39,8 @@ desirable position.
|
||||
|
||||
## 2025-11-11 14:41
|
||||
|
||||
#topic/estimating #topic/transparency
|
||||
|
||||
I just saw a post on a construction estimators forum
|
||||
from a user lamenting that their coworkers and customers
|
||||
largely do not understand the difference between markup and margin.
|
||||
|
||||
+8
-1
@@ -12,6 +12,8 @@ title: 2025-11-13
|
||||
|
||||
## 2025-11-13 08:03
|
||||
|
||||
#topic/hobbies/writing
|
||||
|
||||
I was thinking about recent critiques of my writing style
|
||||
and how they don't really apply to my speech,
|
||||
even though I don't imagine myself approaching them differently.
|
||||
@@ -23,6 +25,8 @@ that I'm not capable of under the pressure of conversation.
|
||||
|
||||
## 2025-11-13 08:19
|
||||
|
||||
#topic/estimating
|
||||
|
||||
I'm still working on articulating
|
||||
my main difficulty in the transition
|
||||
from Ace to PDI estimating.
|
||||
@@ -40,9 +44,12 @@ as judged from a realist perspective, wrong.
|
||||
|
||||
## 2025-11-13 20:41
|
||||
|
||||
#topic/hobbies/shorthand
|
||||
|
||||
I've decided I've considered learning [[shorthand]]
|
||||
enough times independently
|
||||
that I would likely benefit from it.
|
||||
|
||||
I added a book on [[shorthand#Gregg Notehand]]
|
||||
I added [[Leslie_1968_Gregg-Notehand|a book]]
|
||||
on [[shorthand#Gregg Notehand]]
|
||||
to my calibre library.
|
||||
|
||||
@@ -12,6 +12,8 @@ title: 2025-11-14
|
||||
|
||||
## 2025-11-14 13:41
|
||||
|
||||
#topic/meta #topic/hobbies/banjo #topic/hobbies/shorthand
|
||||
|
||||
I added two new long term tasks to the notebook.
|
||||
|
||||
* [[learn-banjo]]
|
||||
|
||||
@@ -12,6 +12,8 @@ title: 2025-11-16
|
||||
|
||||
## 2025-11-16 08:09
|
||||
|
||||
#topic/hobbies/shorthand #topic/hobbies/writing
|
||||
|
||||
Yesterday evening,
|
||||
while I was reading [[Leslie_1968_Gregg-Notehand]],
|
||||
for the first time practicing its lessons,
|
||||
|
||||
@@ -12,6 +12,8 @@ title: ""
|
||||
|
||||
## 2025-11-18 16:33
|
||||
|
||||
#occupational
|
||||
|
||||
%%
|
||||
Transcription of notes
|
||||
taken while reviewing Elliot St. with Joel Jansen.
|
||||
|
||||
+3
-1
@@ -14,7 +14,9 @@ title: 2025-11-20
|
||||
|
||||
### Elliot St. WBS Prep
|
||||
|
||||
MC multi-circuit homeruns may have makeup included
|
||||
#occupational
|
||||
|
||||
MC multi-circuit homeruns have makeup included
|
||||
($\text{Length} \times 1.1$)
|
||||
|
||||
"PA Historicals" --- Project Accounting Historicals
|
||||
|
||||
@@ -12,6 +12,8 @@ title: 2025-11-21
|
||||
|
||||
## 2025-11-21 10:11
|
||||
|
||||
#topic/estimating
|
||||
|
||||
> [!quote] [ELECTRI's Industry Benchmarking Tool - ELECTRI International](https://www.electri.org/research-overview/electris-industry-benchmarking-tool/)
|
||||
> ### Hours Burned vs. Hours Earned
|
||||
>
|
||||
|
||||
@@ -12,6 +12,8 @@ title: 2025-12-02
|
||||
|
||||
## 2025-12-02 10:40
|
||||
|
||||
#topic/construction/electrical
|
||||
|
||||
> [!cite] [Hysteresis - Wikipedia](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Hysteresis)
|
||||
> **Hysteresis** is the dependence of the state of a system on its history.
|
||||
> For example, a [magnet](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Magnet "Magnet")
|
||||
|
||||
@@ -12,6 +12,8 @@ title: 2025-12-03
|
||||
|
||||
## 2025-12-03 15:54
|
||||
|
||||
#topic/estimating #topic/transparency
|
||||
|
||||
There is a distinct difference between _excluding_ and _ignoring_ requirements.
|
||||
|
||||
If, before award, you communicate to the customer
|
||||
|
||||
@@ -12,6 +12,8 @@ title: ""
|
||||
|
||||
## 2025-12-04 09:51
|
||||
|
||||
#topic/automation #topic/automation
|
||||
|
||||
It may be possible
|
||||
to replicate the behavior of my takeoff workbooks
|
||||
in a static .html file using JavaScript.
|
||||
|
||||
@@ -14,6 +14,8 @@ title: ""
|
||||
|
||||
### PDI Accubid Phase Office Space
|
||||
|
||||
#occupational
|
||||
|
||||
> [!quote] Joel Jansen to William Bonn 2025-12-05 (pp.)
|
||||
> PDI Accubid `Phase` "Office Space"
|
||||
> is normally used for core & shell retail office space
|
||||
|
||||
@@ -14,6 +14,8 @@ title: 2025-12-06
|
||||
|
||||
### Intellectual Capital
|
||||
|
||||
#topic/organization
|
||||
|
||||
> [!info] Also Known As
|
||||
> * Knowledge Capital
|
||||
|
||||
|
||||
@@ -12,6 +12,8 @@ title: 2025-12-08
|
||||
|
||||
## 2025-12-08 11:03
|
||||
|
||||
#topic/ambiguity
|
||||
|
||||
I hate to come off as pedantic,
|
||||
but I care a lot about standardized terminology
|
||||
because spending a few minutes to be more thoughtful in specification
|
||||
|
||||
@@ -0,0 +1,49 @@
|
||||
---
|
||||
id:
|
||||
aliases: []
|
||||
title: 2025-12-09
|
||||
tags:
|
||||
- authorship/original
|
||||
- destiny/permanent
|
||||
- status/draft
|
||||
- type/daily
|
||||
---
|
||||
# 2025-12-09
|
||||
|
||||
## 2025-12-09 10:43
|
||||
|
||||
### Overgeneralization via Hyperspecification
|
||||
|
||||
#topic/ambiguity
|
||||
|
||||
Or "inappropriate synecdoche[^1]"
|
||||
|
||||
[^1]: **synecdoche:** Using the name of a part to refer to the whole, or vice versa.
|
||||
|
||||
Much of my issue with terminology
|
||||
can be blamed on **overgeneralization via hyperspecification**,
|
||||
|
||||
[Proprietary eponyms](https://en.wiktionary.org/wiki/proprietary_eponym)
|
||||
(synonym: [genericized trademark](https://en.wiktionary.org/wiki/genericized_trademark))
|
||||
are usually[^2] an example of such,
|
||||
and are prominent in electrical construction.[^3]
|
||||
|
||||
[^2]: I'm not a complete pedant, Cadweld is a perfectly unambiguous substitution.
|
||||
"Caddy", "Hilti", and "Vitalink" are my real complaints,
|
||||
where the word only gets me marginally closer
|
||||
to creating a concrete image in my head.
|
||||
|
||||
The general acceptance of "band-aid"
|
||||
compared to the rejection of "coke"
|
||||
may be related.
|
||||
|
||||
[^3]: See [Database of American Proprietary Eponyms](https://www.searstower.org/rkrause/brands.html)
|
||||
for examples.
|
||||
|
||||
## 2025-12-09 10:52
|
||||
|
||||
In residential construction area classification,
|
||||
what is the relationship between these two dichotomies?
|
||||
|
||||
* Owner vs. Tenant
|
||||
* Finished vs. Unfinished
|
||||
@@ -0,0 +1,66 @@
|
||||
---
|
||||
id:
|
||||
aliases: []
|
||||
title: 2025-12-10
|
||||
tags:
|
||||
- authorship/original
|
||||
- destiny/permanent
|
||||
- status/draft
|
||||
- type/daily
|
||||
---
|
||||
# 2025-12-10
|
||||
|
||||
## 2025-12-10 10:45 --- ConEst Lighting Controls Meeting Notes
|
||||
|
||||
#occupational/takeoff #topic/ambiguity #topic/transparency
|
||||
|
||||
### Minutes
|
||||
|
||||
2025-12-10 08:30--10:00
|
||||
|
||||
Objective: Discuss lighting control systems
|
||||
|
||||
A primary reason for the discussion was presented:
|
||||
|
||||
> [!example] ^ex
|
||||
> While putting together a large garden style project
|
||||
> Bid received a quote for lighting control at over one million dollars.
|
||||
> Believing it [[gold-plating|overengineered]],
|
||||
> Bid proposed ~$150,000 for lighting control "per code".
|
||||
> The contract was awarded on those terms.
|
||||
> When the project team received a quote for a "per code" system,
|
||||
> the total was ~$600,000.
|
||||
|
||||
Ultimately the responsibility is ConEst's
|
||||
to resolve discrepancies between:
|
||||
* applicable code
|
||||
* design intent
|
||||
* Bid proposal intent
|
||||
* PDR quote intent
|
||||
|
||||
It was erroneously suggested that lighting control conductors
|
||||
may be run with their circuit conductors if both are 600V insulated.[^1]
|
||||
|
||||
[^1]: This is a violation of [[nfpa-70_725_control-circuits#725.136(I) Other Applications.|NEC 725.136(I)(1)]].
|
||||
See [[lighting-controls#0-10V Dimming|0-10V Dimming]].
|
||||
|
||||
### My Thoughts
|
||||
|
||||
The lighting control problem is misunderstood.
|
||||
It's true that some technical training would be beneficial to ConEst estimators,
|
||||
but root of the problem has nothing to do with lighting control.
|
||||
|
||||
When I heard [[#^ex]], where lighting control went wrong
|
||||
and costed a job half a million in profit,
|
||||
what I took away was that we sold high-risk scope
|
||||
without knowing what was required _and without qualification_.
|
||||
|
||||
Others have suggested creating new assemblies grouped by manufacturer,
|
||||
which I'm not a fan of.
|
||||
While it's true that similar implementations
|
||||
_are_ different between manufacturers,
|
||||
the differences are trivial for our purposes.
|
||||
More to the problem,
|
||||
such an arrangement would inevitably lead to confusion
|
||||
(i.e. taking off the wrong brand
|
||||
because its contents happen to match better in a specific instance).
|
||||
@@ -2,20 +2,22 @@
|
||||
id:
|
||||
aliases:
|
||||
- gregg notehand
|
||||
title: Gregg Notehand
|
||||
tags:
|
||||
- authorship/other
|
||||
- type/media
|
||||
- destiny/permanent
|
||||
title: Gregg Notehand
|
||||
subtitle: A Personal-Use Shorthand & Integrated Instruction in How to Make Notes
|
||||
- status/incomplete
|
||||
- type/media/book
|
||||
authors:
|
||||
- Leslie, Louis A.
|
||||
- Zoubek, Charles E.
|
||||
- Poe, Roy W.
|
||||
- Deese, James
|
||||
- Leslie, Louis A.
|
||||
- Poe, Roy W.
|
||||
- Zoubek, Charles E.
|
||||
edition: Second
|
||||
year: 1968
|
||||
publisher: McGraw-Hill, Inc.
|
||||
subtitle: A Personal-Use Shorthand & Integrated Instruction in How to Make Notes
|
||||
type: book
|
||||
year: 1968
|
||||
---
|
||||
# Gregg Notehand
|
||||
|
||||
@@ -127,4 +129,80 @@ publisher: McGraw-Hill, Inc.
|
||||
|
||||
### Key to Gregg Notehand
|
||||
|
||||
### Index to Gregg Notehand
|
||||
### Index to Gregg Notehand
|
||||
|
||||
## Gregg Notehand
|
||||
|
||||
Gregg Notehand is a simplified form of Gregg Shorthand.
|
||||
It is described in the namesake [[Leslie_1968_Gregg-Notehand]]
|
||||
|
||||
### Critiques
|
||||
|
||||
The lessons use sounds-like-(letter)-in-(word) type phoneme definitions,
|
||||
and generally suffer from a facile understanding of phonology.
|
||||
Totally unacceptable for a proposed alternative alphabet,
|
||||
but then the text does not understand that's what it's proposing.
|
||||
|
||||
> [[Leslie_1968_Gregg-Notehand#2-8. Notehand principles]]
|
||||
> **Silent letters omitted.**
|
||||
> In the English language many words contain letters that are not pronounced.
|
||||
> In Notehand these silent letters are omitted,
|
||||
> and only those sounds in a word are written that are actually pronounced.
|
||||
> For example,
|
||||
> in the word say, the y would not be written because it is not pronounced;
|
||||
> say would be written s-a.
|
||||
> The word face would be written f-a-s;
|
||||
> the final e would be omitted because it is not pronounced,
|
||||
> and the c would be represented by the s stroke because it is pronounced s.
|
||||
>
|
||||
> What letters in the following words would not be written in Notehand
|
||||
> because they are not pronounced?
|
||||
>
|
||||
> * day
|
||||
> * eat
|
||||
> * main
|
||||
> * mean
|
||||
> * save
|
||||
> * steam
|
||||
|
||||
***
|
||||
|
||||
> [[Leslie_1968_Gregg-Notehand#2-8. Notehand principles]]
|
||||
> Gregg Notehand is easy to learn---easier, actually, than longhand. Why?
|
||||
> In longhand, there are many different ways of writing a given letter;
|
||||
> in Gregg Notehand, there is only one way.
|
||||
|
||||
This is a baffling first paragraph.
|
||||
Without further clarification,
|
||||
the text seems to be implying that students learning longhand
|
||||
are expected to learn to read and write
|
||||
many forms of the same letter,
|
||||
where reality is the opposite.
|
||||
|
||||
In fact, it is plain to see from the lessons in the text
|
||||
that Gregg Notehand had far more individual character variation
|
||||
than is accepted of the English alphabet.
|
||||
|
||||
The text does not specify winding direction for circular forms
|
||||
(e.g. "a" and "e"),
|
||||
nor is the illustrator consistent between words.
|
||||
For many words, neither option is more intuitive,
|
||||
and the choice _radically_ changes its form.
|
||||
|
||||
More damningly, in Lesson 26 we learn
|
||||
the "s" stroke _is allowed to be written backwards._
|
||||
|
||||
It's a very strange choice,
|
||||
claiming that a shorthand is less ambiguous
|
||||
than the writing system it replaces.
|
||||
I'm sure its possible,
|
||||
but English doesn't have enough frills to cut off.
|
||||
Shorthand trades certainty for speed,
|
||||
that's the whole point.
|
||||
|
||||
***
|
||||
|
||||
Some words, especially those more than one syllable,
|
||||
I believe are illustrated incorrectly
|
||||
based on preceding text and examples.
|
||||
"Navy" is particularly egregious.
|
||||
|
||||
@@ -3,13 +3,13 @@ id: README
|
||||
aliases:
|
||||
- home
|
||||
- zmVault
|
||||
title: zmVault
|
||||
tags:
|
||||
- authorship/original
|
||||
- destiny/permanent
|
||||
- destiny/permanent/entry-point
|
||||
- status/incomplete
|
||||
- topic/meta
|
||||
- type/encyclopedia
|
||||
title: README
|
||||
---
|
||||
# zmVault
|
||||
|
||||
|
||||
@@ -2,13 +2,13 @@
|
||||
id: TODO
|
||||
aliases:
|
||||
- todo
|
||||
title: TODO
|
||||
tags:
|
||||
- destiny/permanent
|
||||
- authorship/original
|
||||
- destiny/permanent/entry-point
|
||||
- status/incomplete
|
||||
- topic/meta
|
||||
- type/encyclopedia
|
||||
- authorship/original
|
||||
title: TODO
|
||||
---
|
||||
# TODO
|
||||
|
||||
|
||||
@@ -0,0 +1,21 @@
|
||||
---
|
||||
id:
|
||||
aliases: []
|
||||
title: Actuarial Science for Construction Estimating
|
||||
tags:
|
||||
- authorship/original
|
||||
- destiny/permanent
|
||||
- status/incomplete
|
||||
- topic/estimating
|
||||
- topic/risk
|
||||
- type/idea
|
||||
---
|
||||
# Actuarial Science for Construction Estimating
|
||||
|
||||
For a contractor, construction projects are like _investments_
|
||||
in that they have a cost and return.
|
||||
However, for construction projects,
|
||||
**return** is known but **cost** must be estimated.
|
||||
In this way, projects are better compared to _insurance accounts_.
|
||||
|
||||
[[actuarial-science]]
|
||||
@@ -0,0 +1,33 @@
|
||||
---
|
||||
id:
|
||||
aliases: []
|
||||
title: Actuarial Science
|
||||
tags:
|
||||
- authorship/original
|
||||
- destiny/permanent
|
||||
- topic/risk
|
||||
- type/encyclopedia
|
||||
---
|
||||
# Actuarial Science
|
||||
|
||||
[actuarial science](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Actuarial_science)
|
||||
|
||||
## Terms
|
||||
|
||||
* [discounted cash flow](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Discounted_cash_flow)
|
||||
* [valuation](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Valuation_(finance))
|
||||
* [time value of money](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Time_value_of_money)
|
||||
* [time preference](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Time_preference)
|
||||
* [present value](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Present_value)
|
||||
|
||||
## Resources
|
||||
|
||||
[[loss-models]]
|
||||
|
||||
https://www.wiley.com/en-us/Wiley+Series+in+Probability+and+Statistics-c-1345
|
||||
|
||||
https://www.wiley.com/en-us/Structural+Equation+Modeling%3A+Applications+Using+Mplus%2C+2nd+Edition-p-00045072
|
||||
|
||||
https://www.wiley.com/en-us/Game-Theoretic+Foundations+for+Probability+and+Finance+-p-00027121
|
||||
|
||||
https://www.wiley.com/en-us/Loss+Models%3A+From+Data+to+Decisions%2C+5th+Edition-p-00014549
|
||||
+4
-4
@@ -1,14 +1,14 @@
|
||||
---
|
||||
id:
|
||||
aliases: []
|
||||
title: AI in Estimating
|
||||
tags:
|
||||
- authorship/original
|
||||
- destiny/permanent
|
||||
- status/draft
|
||||
- topic/estimating
|
||||
- topic/software
|
||||
- type/philosophy
|
||||
- authorship/original
|
||||
- status/incomplete
|
||||
- destiny/permanent
|
||||
title: AI in Estimating
|
||||
---
|
||||
# AI in Estimating
|
||||
|
||||
|
||||
@@ -11,11 +11,13 @@ title: Alternating Current
|
||||
---
|
||||
# Alternating Current
|
||||
|
||||
[Alternating current (AC)](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/AC_power)
|
||||
is electric current that reverses direction periodically.
|
||||
The voltage and current in an AC circuit oscillate in a sinusoidal manner.
|
||||
The frequency of the oscillation is the number of complete cycles per second measured in hertz (Hz).
|
||||
The frequency of the AC power grid in the United States is 60 Hz.
|
||||
> [!quote] [Alternating current (AC)](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/AC_power)
|
||||
> is electric current that reverses direction periodically.
|
||||
> The voltage and current in an AC circuit
|
||||
> oscillate in a sinusoidal manner.
|
||||
> The frequency of the oscillation
|
||||
> is the number of complete cycles per second measured in hertz (Hz).
|
||||
> The frequency of the AC power grid in the United States is 60 Hz.
|
||||
|
||||
* Ungrounded conductor - "Hot"
|
||||
* Grounded conductor - "Neutral"
|
||||
|
||||
@@ -0,0 +1,26 @@
|
||||
---
|
||||
id:
|
||||
aliases: []
|
||||
title: Auction Theory
|
||||
tags: []
|
||||
---
|
||||
# Auction Theory
|
||||
|
||||
Auction theory is a subset of [[game-theory]]
|
||||
|
||||
%% TODO: %%
|
||||
|
||||
#### Reverse Auction
|
||||
|
||||
In a reverse auction,
|
||||
bidders compete for the right to _sell_ a product or service.
|
||||
|
||||
#### Sealed-Bid Auction
|
||||
|
||||
Opposite of a conventional "open" auction,
|
||||
in a sealed-bid auction,
|
||||
bid prices are hidden from the bidders.
|
||||
|
||||
[[uncertainty#Information]]
|
||||
|
||||
%% TODO: %%
|
||||
@@ -8,6 +8,7 @@ tags:
|
||||
- topic/automation
|
||||
- topic/organization
|
||||
- topic/software
|
||||
- type/idea
|
||||
title: Automating Estimating Project Creation
|
||||
---
|
||||
# Automating Estimating Project Creation
|
||||
|
||||
+15
-5
@@ -4,30 +4,40 @@ filters:
|
||||
- file.ext == "md"
|
||||
- '!file.basename.endsWith(".excalidraw")'
|
||||
views:
|
||||
- type: table
|
||||
- type: list
|
||||
name: notes-without-destiny
|
||||
filters:
|
||||
and:
|
||||
- '!file.hasTag("destiny")'
|
||||
- type: table
|
||||
- type: list
|
||||
name: fleeting-notes
|
||||
filters:
|
||||
and:
|
||||
- file.hasTag("destiny/fleeting")
|
||||
- file.name != "tags"
|
||||
- type: table
|
||||
- type: list
|
||||
name: notes-without-status
|
||||
filters:
|
||||
and:
|
||||
- '!file.hasTag("status")'
|
||||
- file.ext == "md"
|
||||
- type: table
|
||||
- type: list
|
||||
name: notes-without-authorship
|
||||
filters:
|
||||
and:
|
||||
- '!file.hasTag("authorship")'
|
||||
- type: table
|
||||
- type: list
|
||||
name: complete-notes
|
||||
filters:
|
||||
and:
|
||||
- file.hasTag("status/complete")
|
||||
- type: list
|
||||
name: notes-with-uncertain-destiny
|
||||
filters:
|
||||
and:
|
||||
- file.hasTag("destiny/uncertain")
|
||||
- type: list
|
||||
name: notes-without-type
|
||||
filters:
|
||||
and:
|
||||
- '!file.hasTag("type")'
|
||||
|
||||
+13
-2
@@ -41,9 +41,16 @@ and any other tabs I can find in [[lilypond|LilyPond]].
|
||||
|
||||
This has a few complications:
|
||||
|
||||
[BanjoTab](https://github.com/jeremy9959/BanjoTab)
|
||||
1. Tablature must be translated first to concert notation (i.e. C#<sub>4</sub>)
|
||||
then to lilypond notation (i.e. `cis''`)
|
||||
|
||||
[LilyPond Banjo Notation](https://lilypond.org/doc/v2.23/Documentation/notation/banjo)
|
||||
The [BanjoTab](https://github.com/jeremy9959/BanjoTab)
|
||||
preprocessor can help with this,
|
||||
however it wouldn't be a bad idea to do it manually
|
||||
for the sake of familiarity.
|
||||
|
||||
2. [LilyPond Banjo Notation](https://lilypond.org/doc/v2.23/Documentation/notation/banjo)
|
||||
is not ideal.
|
||||
|
||||
[Common Notation for Fretted Strings](https://lilypond.org/doc/v2.24/Documentation/notation/common-notation-for-fretted-strings)
|
||||
|
||||
@@ -70,6 +77,10 @@ then quickly release the first, letting the second ring.
|
||||
}
|
||||
```
|
||||
|
||||
It is possible to add "H" and "Po." markers,
|
||||
but the syntax is ugly.
|
||||
They are not ubiquitous anyway.
|
||||
|
||||
### String Bending
|
||||
|
||||
Involves pushing/pulling the string
|
||||
|
||||
@@ -1,13 +1,13 @@
|
||||
---
|
||||
id:
|
||||
aliases: []
|
||||
title: Banjo
|
||||
tags:
|
||||
- authorship/original
|
||||
- destiny/permanent
|
||||
- status/incomplete
|
||||
- topic/hobbies/banjo
|
||||
- type/encyclopedia
|
||||
title: Banjo
|
||||
---
|
||||
# Banjo
|
||||
|
||||
@@ -28,3 +28,9 @@ title: Banjo
|
||||
> * down-picking
|
||||
> * overhand
|
||||
> * frailing
|
||||
|
||||
### Old-Time Style
|
||||
|
||||
#### Clawhammer Techniques
|
||||
|
||||
* drop-thumbing
|
||||
|
||||
@@ -7,6 +7,7 @@ tags:
|
||||
- status/complete
|
||||
- topic/estimating
|
||||
- topic/risk
|
||||
- type/idea
|
||||
title: Modeling Bid Prices Under Intrinsic Cost Uncertainty
|
||||
---
|
||||
# Modeling Bid Prices Under Intrinsic Cost Uncertainty
|
||||
|
||||
@@ -1,14 +1,14 @@
|
||||
---
|
||||
id: risk-oriented-estimating
|
||||
aliases: []
|
||||
title: Bid Process Strategy
|
||||
tags:
|
||||
- authorship/original
|
||||
- destiny/permanent
|
||||
- status/incomplete
|
||||
- topic/estimating
|
||||
- topic/risk
|
||||
- type/philosophy
|
||||
- authorship/original
|
||||
title: Bid Process Strategy
|
||||
---
|
||||
# Bid Process Strategy
|
||||
|
||||
@@ -17,7 +17,8 @@ title: Bid Process Strategy
|
||||
This note is intended to describe bid process strategy
|
||||
especially in terms of [[auction-theory]],
|
||||
which specifically addresses the competitive bid format
|
||||
typical of construction project award.
|
||||
typical of construction project award,
|
||||
and [[actuarial-science]], ...
|
||||
|
||||
See [[bad-bid-practice]]
|
||||
|
||||
@@ -57,7 +58,7 @@ relevant to the contractors decision of if and how to bid.
|
||||
> until it is completed.
|
||||
|
||||
> [!info]
|
||||
> Customers request bids as a
|
||||
> Customers request bids as a
|
||||
|
||||
> [!tip]
|
||||
> Spending _more_ time on estimates
|
||||
@@ -65,4 +66,3 @@ relevant to the contractors decision of if and how to bid.
|
||||
> [!tip]
|
||||
> Estimating _more_ projects leads to _more_ opportunities for award.
|
||||
> Estimating _fewer_ projects leads to _fewer_ opportunities for award.
|
||||
|
||||
|
||||
@@ -0,0 +1,93 @@
|
||||
---
|
||||
id:
|
||||
aliases: []
|
||||
title: Building Area Classification
|
||||
tags:
|
||||
- authorship/original
|
||||
- destiny/permanent
|
||||
- status/draft
|
||||
- topic/construction
|
||||
- type/encyclopedia-entry
|
||||
---
|
||||
# Building Area Classification
|
||||
|
||||
* G = Gross Area
|
||||
* R = Rentable Area
|
||||
* U = Usable Area
|
||||
* N = Net Area
|
||||
|
||||
$$
|
||||
G > R > U > N
|
||||
$$
|
||||
|
||||
## Gross Area (GSF)
|
||||
|
||||
Gross Area is the total floor area of a building.
|
||||
|
||||
Whether the area includes exterior wall area
|
||||
depends on the relevant standard.
|
||||
|
||||
* International Building Code (IBC):
|
||||
measured to the interior face of exterior walls.
|
||||
|
||||
* Building Owners and Managers Association (BOMA):
|
||||
total footprint, including exterior wall thickness.
|
||||
|
||||
## Rentable Area (RSF)
|
||||
|
||||
Rentable Area includes tenant exclusive space (usable area)
|
||||
plus a pro-rata share of common areas (load factor).
|
||||
|
||||
$$
|
||||
\text{Rentable Area} = \text{Usable Area} \times (1 + \text{Load Factor})
|
||||
$$
|
||||
|
||||
### Usable Area (USF)
|
||||
|
||||
Usable Area is the tenant's exclusive space.
|
||||
the area physically occupied and controlled by a specific tenant.
|
||||
|
||||
Usable Area includes:
|
||||
|
||||
* Primary functional areas (offices, workstations, meeting rooms)
|
||||
* Internal circulation within the tenant's space
|
||||
* Columns, recesses, and other features within the leased boundary
|
||||
|
||||
But excludes:
|
||||
|
||||
* Common corridors and lobbies
|
||||
* Shared service areas
|
||||
* Major vertical penetrations (elevator shafts, stairs)
|
||||
|
||||
### Net Area (NSF)
|
||||
|
||||
the actual functional, programmable space.
|
||||
|
||||
Also called Net Assignable Area.
|
||||
|
||||
Net Area includes:
|
||||
|
||||
* Actual functional program spaces (offices, classrooms, apartments)
|
||||
* Space planned for specific uses in a program
|
||||
|
||||
But it excludes:
|
||||
|
||||
* All circulation (even within tenant space)
|
||||
* All service and support spaces
|
||||
* Structural elements, wall thicknesses
|
||||
|
||||
## Building Efficiency
|
||||
|
||||
Building efficiency is the ratio of usable or rentable area to gross area.
|
||||
This denotes what percentage of the building is functionally usable.
|
||||
|
||||
$$
|
||||
\text{Building Efficiency} = \frac{ \text{Net Assignable Area} }{ \text{Gross Area} }
|
||||
$$
|
||||
|
||||
A higher percentage means less area is lost to structure,
|
||||
mechanical spaces, or circulation.
|
||||
|
||||
* Office buildings: 75-90%
|
||||
* Residential buildings: 80%+
|
||||
* Hospitals and laboratories: 50-65%
|
||||
@@ -6,6 +6,7 @@ tags:
|
||||
- destiny/fleeting
|
||||
- occupational
|
||||
- status/complete
|
||||
- type/minutes
|
||||
title: ConEst Training Agenda
|
||||
---
|
||||
# ConEst Training Agenda
|
||||
|
||||
@@ -1,16 +1,16 @@
|
||||
---
|
||||
id: construction-estimating-using-excel
|
||||
aliases: []
|
||||
title: _Construction Estimating Using Excel_
|
||||
tags:
|
||||
- authorship/original
|
||||
- destiny/permanent
|
||||
- status/complete
|
||||
- topic/construction
|
||||
- topic/estimating
|
||||
- type/media-commentary
|
||||
- topic/construction
|
||||
title: "Review: _Construction Estimating Using Excel_"
|
||||
---
|
||||
# Review: _Construction Estimating Using Excel_
|
||||
# _Construction Estimating Using Excel_
|
||||
|
||||
Construction Estimating Using Excel
|
||||
(Peterson MBA PE, Steven)
|
||||
|
||||
+1
-1
@@ -6,7 +6,7 @@ tags:
|
||||
- destiny/permanent
|
||||
- status/incomplete
|
||||
- topic/math
|
||||
- type/encyclopedia
|
||||
- type/encyclopedia-entry
|
||||
title: Convex Hull
|
||||
---
|
||||
# Convex Hull
|
||||
|
||||
@@ -3,7 +3,12 @@ id:
|
||||
aliases: []
|
||||
title: The Cruel Mother (Traditional)
|
||||
tags:
|
||||
- authorship/other
|
||||
- destiny/permanent
|
||||
- exclude-from-word-count
|
||||
- status/incomplete
|
||||
- topic/banjo
|
||||
- type/media/music
|
||||
---
|
||||
# The Cruel Mother (Traditional)
|
||||
|
||||
|
||||
+1
-1
@@ -4,7 +4,7 @@ aliases: []
|
||||
tags:
|
||||
- destiny/permanent
|
||||
- status/incomplete
|
||||
- type/encyclopedia
|
||||
- type/guide
|
||||
- authorship/original
|
||||
- topic/hobbies/wargames
|
||||
title: Default List
|
||||
|
||||
+1
-1
@@ -6,7 +6,7 @@ tags:
|
||||
- destiny/uncertain
|
||||
- status/incomplete
|
||||
- topic/meta
|
||||
- type/encyclopedia
|
||||
- type/encyclopedia-entry
|
||||
title: Diagrams
|
||||
---
|
||||
# Diagrams
|
||||
|
||||
+26
-17
@@ -1,13 +1,13 @@
|
||||
---
|
||||
id: electrical
|
||||
aliases: []
|
||||
title: Electrical Takeoff
|
||||
tags:
|
||||
- authorship/original
|
||||
- destiny/permanent
|
||||
- occupational/takeoff/electrical
|
||||
- status/draft
|
||||
- type/guide
|
||||
title: Electrical Takeoff
|
||||
---
|
||||
# Electrical Takeoff
|
||||
|
||||
@@ -28,24 +28,29 @@ In precast slab garages, use EMT.
|
||||
|
||||
## Lighting Control
|
||||
|
||||
By PDI convention, [[lighting-controls-takeoff]] are generally "Electrical", not "Lighting".
|
||||
See [[lighting-controls-takeoff]].
|
||||
|
||||
## Receptacles
|
||||
|
||||
## Floor Boxes
|
||||
|
||||
`COMMON ASSEMBLIES`/`FLOOR BOXES`/...
|
||||
|
||||
### Poke-Thru's
|
||||
|
||||
Use suitable floor box assembly,
|
||||
delete floor box items,
|
||||
add `ITEM DATABASE`/`WIRING & SYSTEM DEVICES`/`FLOOR BOXES & FITTTINGS`/`GENERIC - FLOOR BOXES & ACCESS`/`POKE-THRU W/ DUPLEX RECEPTACLE`
|
||||
|
||||
## Homeruns
|
||||
|
||||
### Lighting
|
||||
|
||||
Takeoff homeruns in Building breakdowns,
|
||||
even serving Amenity spaces.
|
||||
* `Area` = "XX - Level XX Building"
|
||||
* `Phase` = "Building - Back of House (BOH)"
|
||||
|
||||
> [!info] Breakdowns
|
||||
> * `Area` = "... Building"
|
||||
> * `System` = "Building - BOH ..."
|
||||
Takeoff homeruns in Building breakdowns,
|
||||
even where serving Amenity spaces.
|
||||
|
||||
## Mechanical Connections
|
||||
|
||||
@@ -58,7 +63,7 @@ per [[fire-resistive-wiring-methods-takeoff]].
|
||||
|
||||
### Roof Mounted Equipment
|
||||
|
||||
Unit condensing units
|
||||
#### Unit Condensing Units
|
||||
|
||||
Put homeruns on the `Area` of the dwelling unit.
|
||||
Put connections on the `Area` of the CU.
|
||||
@@ -79,18 +84,22 @@ Routed up through the roof,
|
||||
(optionally through a disconnect)
|
||||
with flex to the equipment.
|
||||
|
||||
Equipment Racks: Max 20 disconnects per rack
|
||||
#### Equipment Racks
|
||||
|
||||
Max 20 disconnects per rack
|
||||
|
||||
`DISTRIBUTIION`/`TRAPEZE RACK SUPPORT ...`/`...`
|
||||
|
||||
### Trash Chute
|
||||
|
||||
**Horizontal:**
|
||||
* Check if shown on power drawings as mech connection
|
||||
* If not, use 100ft length
|
||||
1. **Horizontal:**
|
||||
|
||||
**Vertical (Riser):**
|
||||
* Takeoff: `COMMON ASSEMBLIES`/`MISC ASSEMBLIES`/`TRASH CHUTE RISER CIRCUIT...`
|
||||
* Uncheck Link 'Enable Livecount'
|
||||
* Takeoff in Typical
|
||||
* Length = average floor to floor height
|
||||
`COMMON ASSEMBLIES`/`MECHANICAL CONNECTIONS ...`/...
|
||||
* **Length** = Length per drawings, 100ft if not shown.
|
||||
|
||||
2. **Vertical (Riser):**
|
||||
|
||||
* `Area` = "Typical - Building All Levels"
|
||||
|
||||
Takeoff: `COMMON ASSEMBLIES`/`MISC ASSEMBLIES`/`TRASH CHUTE RISER CIRCUIT...`
|
||||
* Length = average floor to floor height
|
||||
|
||||
@@ -7,6 +7,7 @@ tags:
|
||||
- occupational
|
||||
- status/incomplete
|
||||
- exclude-from-word-count
|
||||
- type/media/other
|
||||
title: Estimator Skills
|
||||
---
|
||||
# Estimator Skills
|
||||
|
||||
@@ -1,8 +1,13 @@
|
||||
---
|
||||
id:
|
||||
aliases: []
|
||||
tags: []
|
||||
title: Extracting PDF Panel Schedules
|
||||
tags:
|
||||
- authorship/original
|
||||
- destiny/fleeting
|
||||
- status/incomplete
|
||||
- topic/automation
|
||||
- type/idea
|
||||
---
|
||||
# Extracting PDF Panel Schedules
|
||||
|
||||
|
||||
+3
-1
@@ -1,11 +1,13 @@
|
||||
---
|
||||
id:
|
||||
aliases: []
|
||||
title: Favorite Quotes
|
||||
tags:
|
||||
- authorship/original
|
||||
- destiny/fleeting
|
||||
- status/draft
|
||||
title: Favorite Quotes
|
||||
- topic/writing
|
||||
- type/encyclopedia-entry
|
||||
---
|
||||
# Favorite Quotes
|
||||
|
||||
|
||||
+3
-3
@@ -1,19 +1,19 @@
|
||||
---
|
||||
id:
|
||||
aliases: []
|
||||
title: Full Takeoff
|
||||
tags:
|
||||
- authorship/original
|
||||
- destiny/permanent
|
||||
- destiny/permanent/entry-point
|
||||
- occupational/takeoff
|
||||
- status/draft
|
||||
- type/guide
|
||||
title: Full Takeoff
|
||||
---
|
||||
# Full Takeoff
|
||||
|
||||
## Info
|
||||
|
||||
[[breakdowns]]
|
||||
[[pdi-breakdowns]]
|
||||
|
||||
## Sequence
|
||||
|
||||
|
||||
+7
-21
@@ -1,33 +1,19 @@
|
||||
---
|
||||
id:
|
||||
aliases: []
|
||||
tags: []
|
||||
title: Game Theory
|
||||
tags:
|
||||
- authorship/original
|
||||
- destiny/permanent
|
||||
- status/incomplete
|
||||
- topic/math
|
||||
- type/encyclopedia
|
||||
---
|
||||
# Game Theory
|
||||
|
||||
## Domains
|
||||
|
||||
### Auction Theory
|
||||
|
||||
[[auction-theory|Auction theory]] is a subset of game theory
|
||||
|
||||
%% TODO: %%
|
||||
|
||||
#### Reverse Auction
|
||||
|
||||
In a reverse auction,
|
||||
bidders compete for the right to _sell_ a product or service.
|
||||
|
||||
#### Sealed-Bid Auction
|
||||
|
||||
Opposite of a conventional "open" auction,
|
||||
in a sealed-bid auction,
|
||||
bid prices are hidden from the bidders.
|
||||
|
||||
[[uncertainty#Information]]
|
||||
|
||||
%% TODO: %%
|
||||
* [[auction-theory]]
|
||||
|
||||
## Terminology
|
||||
|
||||
|
||||
@@ -1,11 +1,12 @@
|
||||
---
|
||||
id:
|
||||
aliases: []
|
||||
title: Graphs
|
||||
tags:
|
||||
- authorship/other-for-now
|
||||
- destiny/uncertain
|
||||
- status/incomplete
|
||||
- type/encyclopedia
|
||||
title: Graphs
|
||||
---
|
||||
# Graphs
|
||||
|
||||
|
||||
@@ -0,0 +1,90 @@
|
||||
---
|
||||
id:
|
||||
aliases: []
|
||||
title: _Gregg Notehand_
|
||||
tags:
|
||||
- authorship/original
|
||||
- destiny/permanent
|
||||
- status/incomplete
|
||||
- topic/shorthand
|
||||
- type/media-commentary
|
||||
---
|
||||
# _Gregg Notehand_
|
||||
|
||||
Gregg Notehand is a simplified form of Gregg Shorthand.
|
||||
It is described in the namesake [[Leslie_1968_Gregg-Notehand]]
|
||||
|
||||
This note is a description and critique
|
||||
of both the book and the shorthand,
|
||||
since the latter is fully described nowhere else.
|
||||
|
||||
## Critiques
|
||||
|
||||
The lessons use sounds-like-(letter)-in-(word) type phoneme definitions,
|
||||
and generally suffer from a facile understanding of phonology.
|
||||
Totally unacceptable for a proposed alternative alphabet,
|
||||
but then the text does not understand that's what it's proposing.
|
||||
|
||||
> [[Leslie_1968_Gregg-Notehand#2-8. Notehand principles]]
|
||||
> **Silent letters omitted.**
|
||||
> In the English language many words contain letters that are not pronounced.
|
||||
> In Notehand these silent letters are omitted,
|
||||
> and only those sounds in a word are written that are actually pronounced.
|
||||
> For example,
|
||||
> in the word say, the y would not be written because it is not pronounced;
|
||||
> say would be written s-a.
|
||||
> The word face would be written f-a-s;
|
||||
> the final e would be omitted because it is not pronounced,
|
||||
> and the c would be represented by the s stroke because it is pronounced s.
|
||||
>
|
||||
> What letters in the following words would not be written in Notehand
|
||||
> because they are not pronounced?
|
||||
>
|
||||
> * day
|
||||
> * eat
|
||||
> * main
|
||||
> * mean
|
||||
> * save
|
||||
> * steam
|
||||
|
||||
***
|
||||
|
||||
> [[Leslie_1968_Gregg-Notehand#2-8. Notehand principles]]
|
||||
> Gregg Notehand is easy to learn---easier, actually, than longhand. Why?
|
||||
> In longhand, there are many different ways of writing a given letter;
|
||||
> in Gregg Notehand, there is only one way.
|
||||
|
||||
This is a baffling first paragraph.
|
||||
Without further clarification,
|
||||
the text seems to be implying that students learning longhand
|
||||
are expected to learn to read and write
|
||||
many forms of the same letter,
|
||||
where reality is the opposite.
|
||||
|
||||
In fact, it is plain to see from the lessons in the text
|
||||
that Gregg Notehand had far more individual character variation
|
||||
than is accepted of the English alphabet.
|
||||
|
||||
The text does not specify winding direction for circular forms
|
||||
(e.g. "a" and "e"),
|
||||
nor is the illustrator consistent between words.
|
||||
For many words, neither option is more intuitive,
|
||||
and the choice _radically_ changes its form.
|
||||
|
||||
More damningly, in Lesson 26 we learn
|
||||
the "s" stroke _is allowed to be written backwards._
|
||||
|
||||
It's a very strange choice,
|
||||
claiming that a shorthand is less ambiguous
|
||||
than the writing system it replaces.
|
||||
I'm sure its possible,
|
||||
but English doesn't have enough frills to cut off.
|
||||
Shorthand trades certainty for speed,
|
||||
that's the whole point.
|
||||
|
||||
***
|
||||
|
||||
Some words, especially those more than one syllable,
|
||||
I believe are illustrated incorrectly
|
||||
based on preceding text and examples.
|
||||
"Navy" is particularly egregious.
|
||||
+3
-2
@@ -1,12 +1,13 @@
|
||||
---
|
||||
id:
|
||||
aliases: []
|
||||
title: Gut Feel
|
||||
tags:
|
||||
- authorship/original
|
||||
- destiny/permanent
|
||||
- status/incomplete
|
||||
- topic/risk
|
||||
- authorship/original
|
||||
title: Gut Feel
|
||||
- type/encyclopedia-entry
|
||||
---
|
||||
# Gut Feel
|
||||
|
||||
|
||||
+2
-1
@@ -1,12 +1,13 @@
|
||||
---
|
||||
id:
|
||||
aliases: []
|
||||
title: Homelab
|
||||
tags:
|
||||
- authorship/original
|
||||
- destiny/permanent
|
||||
- status/incomplete
|
||||
- topic/hobbies/homelab
|
||||
title: Homelab
|
||||
- type/minutes
|
||||
---
|
||||
# Homelab
|
||||
|
||||
|
||||
@@ -4,10 +4,11 @@ aliases: []
|
||||
title: "The Failure of Risk Management: Why It's Broken and How to Fix It, Second Edition"
|
||||
tags:
|
||||
- authorship/other
|
||||
- destiny/permanent
|
||||
- exclude-from-word-count
|
||||
- status/incomplete
|
||||
- topic/risk
|
||||
- type/media
|
||||
- type/media/book
|
||||
authors: Douglas W. Hubbard
|
||||
publisher: John Wiley & Sons, Inc.
|
||||
type: book
|
||||
|
||||
+3
-3
@@ -1,13 +1,13 @@
|
||||
---
|
||||
id:
|
||||
aliases: []
|
||||
title: "Chapter 2: Definitions"
|
||||
tags:
|
||||
- authorship/other
|
||||
- destiny/permanent/entry-point
|
||||
- destiny/permanent
|
||||
- exclude-from-word-count
|
||||
- status/incomplete
|
||||
- topic/construction
|
||||
- type/media
|
||||
title: "Chapter 2: Definitions"
|
||||
- type/media/reference
|
||||
---
|
||||
# Chapter 2: Definitions
|
||||
|
||||
+3
-3
@@ -1,13 +1,13 @@
|
||||
---
|
||||
id:
|
||||
aliases: []
|
||||
title: "Chapter 3: Occupancy Classification and Use"
|
||||
tags:
|
||||
- authorship/other
|
||||
- destiny/permanent/entry-point
|
||||
- destiny/permanent
|
||||
- exclude-from-word-count
|
||||
- status/incomplete
|
||||
- topic/construction
|
||||
- type/media
|
||||
title: "Chapter 3: Occupancy Classification and Use"
|
||||
- type/media/reference
|
||||
---
|
||||
# Chapter 3: Occupancy Classification and Use
|
||||
|
||||
+2
-2
@@ -3,11 +3,11 @@ id:
|
||||
aliases: []
|
||||
tags:
|
||||
- authorship/other
|
||||
- destiny/permanent/entry-point
|
||||
- destiny/permanent
|
||||
- exclude-from-word-count
|
||||
- status/incomplete
|
||||
- topic/construction
|
||||
- type/media
|
||||
- type/media/reference
|
||||
title: "Chapter 5: General Building Heights and Areas"
|
||||
---
|
||||
# Chapter 5: General Building Heights and Areas
|
||||
|
||||
+2
-2
@@ -3,11 +3,11 @@ id:
|
||||
aliases: []
|
||||
tags:
|
||||
- authorship/other
|
||||
- destiny/permanent/entry-point
|
||||
- destiny/permanent
|
||||
- exclude-from-word-count
|
||||
- status/incomplete
|
||||
- topic/construction
|
||||
- type/media
|
||||
- type/media/reference
|
||||
title: "Chapter 9: Fire Protection and Life Safety Systems"
|
||||
---
|
||||
# Chapter 9: Fire Protection and Life Safety Systems
|
||||
|
||||
+2
-2
@@ -3,11 +3,11 @@ id:
|
||||
aliases: []
|
||||
tags:
|
||||
- authorship/other
|
||||
- destiny/permanent/entry-point
|
||||
- destiny/permanent
|
||||
- exclude-from-word-count
|
||||
- status/incomplete
|
||||
- topic/construction
|
||||
- type/media
|
||||
- type/media/reference
|
||||
title: "Chapter 10: Means of Egress"
|
||||
---
|
||||
# Chapter 10: Means of Egress
|
||||
|
||||
@@ -7,7 +7,7 @@ tags:
|
||||
- exclude-from-word-count
|
||||
- status/incomplete
|
||||
- topic/construction
|
||||
- type/media
|
||||
- type/media/reference
|
||||
title: International Building Code
|
||||
---
|
||||
# International Building Code
|
||||
|
||||
+2
-2
@@ -4,11 +4,11 @@ aliases:
|
||||
- ibc-403
|
||||
tags:
|
||||
- authorship/other
|
||||
- destiny/permanent/entry-point
|
||||
- destiny/permanent
|
||||
- exclude-from-word-count
|
||||
- status/incomplete
|
||||
- topic/construction/electrical
|
||||
- type/media
|
||||
- type/media/reference
|
||||
title: SECTION 403---HIGH-RISE BUILDINGS
|
||||
---
|
||||
# SECTION 403---HIGH-RISE BUILDINGS
|
||||
|
||||
+2
-2
@@ -3,11 +3,11 @@ id:
|
||||
aliases: []
|
||||
tags:
|
||||
- authorship/other
|
||||
- destiny/permanent/entry-point
|
||||
- destiny/permanent
|
||||
- exclude-from-word-count
|
||||
- status/incomplete
|
||||
- topic/construction/electrical
|
||||
- type/media
|
||||
- type/media/reference
|
||||
title: SECTION 918---EMERGENCY RESPONDER COMMUNICATION COVERAGE
|
||||
---
|
||||
# SECTION 918---EMERGENCY RESPONDER COMMUNICATION COVERAGE
|
||||
|
||||
+15
-15
@@ -2,14 +2,14 @@
|
||||
id:
|
||||
aliases:
|
||||
- ibc-1009
|
||||
title: SECTION 1009---ACCESSIBLE MEANS OF EGRESS
|
||||
tags:
|
||||
- authorship/other
|
||||
- destiny/permanent/entry-point
|
||||
- destiny/permanent
|
||||
- exclude-from-word-count
|
||||
- status/incomplete
|
||||
- topic/construction/electrical
|
||||
- type/media
|
||||
title: SECTION 1009---ACCESSIBLE MEANS OF EGRESS
|
||||
- type/media/reference
|
||||
---
|
||||
# SECTION 1009---ACCESSIBLE MEANS OF EGRESS
|
||||
|
||||
@@ -39,28 +39,28 @@ the level of exit discharge.
|
||||
|
||||
> [!important] Exceptions:
|
||||
> 1. Two-way communication systems are not required
|
||||
> at the landing serving each elevator or bank of elevators
|
||||
> where the two-way communication system is provided
|
||||
> within areas of refuge in accordance with
|
||||
> [[#1009.6.5 Two-way communication.|Section 1009.6.5.]]
|
||||
> at the landing serving each elevator or bank of elevators
|
||||
> where the two-way communication system is provided
|
||||
> within areas of refuge in accordance with
|
||||
> [[#1009.6.5 Two-way communication.|Section 1009.6.5.]]
|
||||
>
|
||||
> 2. Two-way communication systems are not required
|
||||
> on floors provided with ramps
|
||||
> conforming to the provisions of Section 1012.
|
||||
> on floors provided with ramps
|
||||
> conforming to the provisions of Section 1012.
|
||||
>
|
||||
> 3. Two-way communication systems are not required
|
||||
> at the landings serving only service elevators
|
||||
> that are not designated as part of the accessible means of egress
|
||||
> or serve as part of the required accessible route into a facility.
|
||||
> at the landings serving only service elevators
|
||||
> that are not designated as part of the accessible means of egress
|
||||
> or serve as part of the required accessible route into a facility.
|
||||
>
|
||||
> 4. Two-way communication systems are not required
|
||||
> at the landings serving only freight elevators.
|
||||
> at the landings serving only freight elevators.
|
||||
>
|
||||
> 5. Two-way communication systems are not required
|
||||
> at the landing serving a private residence elevator.
|
||||
> at the landing serving a private residence elevator.
|
||||
>
|
||||
> 6. Two-way communication systems are not required
|
||||
> in Group I-2 or I-3 facilities.
|
||||
> in Group I-2 or I-3 facilities.
|
||||
|
||||
### 1009.8.1 System requirements.
|
||||
|
||||
|
||||
+3
-3
@@ -2,14 +2,14 @@
|
||||
id:
|
||||
aliases:
|
||||
- ifc-510
|
||||
title: SECTION 510---EMERGENCY RESPONDER RADIO COVERAGE
|
||||
tags:
|
||||
- authorship/other
|
||||
- destiny/permanent/entry-point
|
||||
- destiny/permanent
|
||||
- exclude-from-word-count
|
||||
- status/incomplete
|
||||
- topic/construction/electrical
|
||||
- type/media
|
||||
title: SECTION 510---EMERGENCY RESPONDER RADIO COVERAGE
|
||||
- type/media/reference
|
||||
---
|
||||
# SECTION 510---EMERGENCY RESPONDER RADIO COVERAGE
|
||||
|
||||
|
||||
+3
-3
@@ -2,14 +2,14 @@
|
||||
id:
|
||||
aliases:
|
||||
- ifc-907
|
||||
title: SECTION 907---FIRE ALARM AND DETECTION SYSTEMS
|
||||
tags:
|
||||
- authorship/other
|
||||
- destiny/permanent/entry-point
|
||||
- destiny/permanent
|
||||
- exclude-from-word-count
|
||||
- status/incomplete
|
||||
- topic/construction/electrical
|
||||
- type/media
|
||||
title: SECTION 907---FIRE ALARM AND DETECTION SYSTEMS
|
||||
- type/media/reference
|
||||
---
|
||||
# SECTION 907---FIRE ALARM AND DETECTION SYSTEMS
|
||||
|
||||
|
||||
@@ -1,12 +1,13 @@
|
||||
---
|
||||
id:
|
||||
aliases: []
|
||||
title: Individual Ability
|
||||
tags:
|
||||
- authorship/original
|
||||
- destiny/permanent
|
||||
- topic/organization
|
||||
- status/incomplete
|
||||
title: Individual Ability
|
||||
- topic/organization
|
||||
- type/philosophy
|
||||
---
|
||||
# Individual Ability
|
||||
|
||||
@@ -25,7 +26,7 @@ requires developing effective coping mechanisms
|
||||
|
||||
To gain and maintain skill is time consuming.
|
||||
The barrier to greater professional skill
|
||||
for most people is **responsibility**.
|
||||
for most people is **prior responsibility**.
|
||||
|
||||
## Capacity for Familiarity
|
||||
|
||||
|
||||
@@ -4,17 +4,19 @@ aliases: []
|
||||
title: "Loss Models: From Data to Decisions, Fifth Edition"
|
||||
tags:
|
||||
- authorship/other
|
||||
- destiny/permanent/entry-point
|
||||
- destiny/permanent
|
||||
- exclude-from-word-count
|
||||
- status/incomplete
|
||||
- topic/risk
|
||||
- type/media
|
||||
- type/media/book
|
||||
authors:
|
||||
- Stuart A. Klugman
|
||||
- Harry H. Panjer
|
||||
- Gordon E. Willmot
|
||||
- Harry H. Panjer
|
||||
- Stuart A. Klugman
|
||||
edition: Fifth
|
||||
publisher: John Wiley & Sons, Inc.
|
||||
series: Wiley Series in Probability and Statistics
|
||||
subtitle: From Data to Decisions
|
||||
type: book
|
||||
year: 2019
|
||||
---
|
||||
|
||||
@@ -6,7 +6,7 @@ tags:
|
||||
- destiny/permanent
|
||||
- status/incomplete
|
||||
- topic/software
|
||||
- type/encyclopedia
|
||||
- type/encyclopedia-entry
|
||||
title: LaTeX
|
||||
---
|
||||
# LaTeX
|
||||
|
||||
@@ -9,7 +9,7 @@ tags:
|
||||
- authorship/original
|
||||
title: Lightning Protection
|
||||
---
|
||||
# Lightning Protection
|
||||
# Lightning Protection Takeoff
|
||||
|
||||
> [!info]
|
||||
> See [[lightning-protection]] for more on lightning protection systems.
|
||||
|
||||
+3
-2
@@ -1,12 +1,13 @@
|
||||
---
|
||||
id:
|
||||
aliases: []
|
||||
title: _Loss Models_
|
||||
tags:
|
||||
- authorship/original
|
||||
- destiny/permanent
|
||||
- status/incomplete
|
||||
- type/media-commentary
|
||||
- topic/risk
|
||||
title: "Loss Models: From Data to Decisions, Fifth Edition"
|
||||
- type/media-commentary
|
||||
---
|
||||
# _Loss Models_
|
||||
|
||||
|
||||
+6
-1
@@ -1,8 +1,13 @@
|
||||
---
|
||||
id:
|
||||
aliases: []
|
||||
tags: []
|
||||
title: Me-isms
|
||||
tags:
|
||||
- authorship/original
|
||||
- destiny/permanent
|
||||
- status/incomplete
|
||||
- topic/other
|
||||
- type/encyclopedia-entry
|
||||
---
|
||||
# Me-isms
|
||||
|
||||
|
||||
+6
-5
@@ -1,12 +1,13 @@
|
||||
---
|
||||
id:
|
||||
aliases: []
|
||||
tags:
|
||||
- destiny/fleeting
|
||||
- authorship/original
|
||||
- topic/hobbies/tv-and-film
|
||||
- status/complete
|
||||
title: Media to Watch
|
||||
tags:
|
||||
- authorship/original
|
||||
- destiny/fleeting
|
||||
- status/complete
|
||||
- topic/hobbies/tv-and-film
|
||||
- type/encyclopedia-entry
|
||||
---
|
||||
# Media to Watch
|
||||
|
||||
|
||||
+1
-1
@@ -5,7 +5,7 @@ tags:
|
||||
- authorship/original
|
||||
- destiny/permanent
|
||||
- topic/construction/electrical
|
||||
- type/encyclopedia
|
||||
- type/encyclopedia-entry
|
||||
- status/incomplete
|
||||
title: Medium Voltage
|
||||
---
|
||||
|
||||
@@ -6,7 +6,7 @@ tags:
|
||||
- status/draft
|
||||
- topic/math
|
||||
- topic/risk
|
||||
- type/encyclopedia
|
||||
- type/encyclopedia-entry
|
||||
- authorship/original
|
||||
title: Monte Carlo Methods
|
||||
---
|
||||
|
||||
@@ -28,19 +28,29 @@ title: Multifamily Dwellings
|
||||
> This question also applies to student housing and similar occupancies,
|
||||
> sometimes generalized as "hospitality",
|
||||
> but this term is ambiguously understood.
|
||||
>
|
||||
> The question _does not_ apply
|
||||
> to hotels with three or more suites with full kitchens.
|
||||
> Such hotels are always multifamily dwellings.
|
||||
|
||||
Whether hotel rooms are dwelling units
|
||||
and thus whether are hotels are multifamily dwellings per the NEC definition
|
||||
is contingent on the AHJ's interpretation
|
||||
of the requirement for permanent provisions for cooking.
|
||||
|
||||
> [!cite] [[nfpa-70_100_definitions#Dwelling Unit.| NEC Article 100]] (emphasis added)
|
||||
> [!cite] [[nfpa-70_100_definitions#Dwelling Unit.|NEC Article 100]] (emphasis added)
|
||||
> ### Dwelling Unit.
|
||||
>
|
||||
> A single unit, providing complete and independent living facilities for one or more persons,
|
||||
> including permanent provisions for living, sleeping, _cooking_, and sanitation.
|
||||
|
||||
This definition exactly mirrors the IBC, which also
|
||||
Anecdotal evidence from [reliable forums](https://forums.mikeholt.com/)
|
||||
suggests that a cord-and-plug connected microwave
|
||||
is generally not interpreted to meet the requirement,
|
||||
however I'm not separating these, at least for now.
|
||||
|
||||
The Article 100 definition exactly mirrors the IBC,
|
||||
which has this additional term:
|
||||
|
||||
> [!cite] IBC Chapter 2: Definitions
|
||||
> ## Sleeping Unit.
|
||||
@@ -51,11 +61,6 @@ This definition exactly mirrors the IBC, which also
|
||||
> and either sanitation or kitchen facilities but not both.
|
||||
> Such rooms and spaces that are also part of a dwelling unit are not sleeping units.
|
||||
|
||||
Anecdotal evidence from [reliable forums](https://forums.mikeholt.com/)
|
||||
suggests that a cord-and-plug connected microwave
|
||||
is generally not interpreted to meet the requirement,
|
||||
however I'm not separating these, at least for now.
|
||||
|
||||
> [!cite] IBC Chapter 2: Definitions (emphasis added)
|
||||
> Another example would be a studio apartment with a kitchenette
|
||||
> (i.e., countertop microwave, sink, refrigerator).
|
||||
|
||||
+15
-13
@@ -11,18 +11,6 @@ title: My Occupation
|
||||
---
|
||||
# My Occupation
|
||||
|
||||
[[pdi-estimating#Construction Estimating (ConEst)]]
|
||||
|
||||
## Goals
|
||||
|
||||
> [!info] Planned Automation
|
||||
> * [[feeder-verification]]
|
||||
> * [[bpm-award-analysis]]
|
||||
|
||||
## Achievements
|
||||
|
||||
* [[pdi-90-day-performance-review]]
|
||||
|
||||
%%
|
||||
|
||||
## TALK
|
||||
@@ -30,4 +18,18 @@ title: My Occupation
|
||||
This note serves to bridge the personal and occupational domains
|
||||
of [[this-notebook]].
|
||||
|
||||
%%
|
||||
%%
|
||||
|
||||
[[pdi-estimating#Construction Estimating (ConEst)]]
|
||||
|
||||
## Goals
|
||||
|
||||
### Planned Automation
|
||||
|
||||
* [[feeder-verification]]
|
||||
* [[bpm-award-analysis]]
|
||||
|
||||
## Achievements
|
||||
|
||||
* [[pdi-90-day-performance-review]]
|
||||
|
||||
|
||||
@@ -6,7 +6,7 @@ tags:
|
||||
- destiny/uncertain
|
||||
- status/incomplete
|
||||
- topic/construction
|
||||
- type/media
|
||||
- type/media/reference
|
||||
- exclude-from-word-count
|
||||
title: "NFPA 101: Life Safety Code (2018)"
|
||||
---
|
||||
|
||||
@@ -8,7 +8,7 @@ tags:
|
||||
- exclude-from-word-count
|
||||
- status/draft
|
||||
- topic/construction/electrical
|
||||
- type/media
|
||||
- type/media/reference
|
||||
title: Article 100 Definitions
|
||||
---
|
||||
# Article 100 Definitions
|
||||
|
||||
@@ -8,7 +8,7 @@ tags:
|
||||
- exclude-from-word-count
|
||||
- status/draft
|
||||
- topic/construction/electrical
|
||||
- type/media
|
||||
- type/media/reference
|
||||
title: Article 110 Requirements for Electrical Installations
|
||||
---
|
||||
# Article 110 Requirements for Electrical Installations
|
||||
|
||||
@@ -8,7 +8,7 @@ tags:
|
||||
- exclude-from-word-count
|
||||
- status/draft
|
||||
- topic/construction/electrical
|
||||
- type/media
|
||||
- type/media/reference
|
||||
title: Article 210 Branch Circuits
|
||||
---
|
||||
# Article 210 Branch Circuits
|
||||
|
||||
@@ -8,7 +8,7 @@ tags:
|
||||
- exclude-from-word-count
|
||||
- status/draft
|
||||
- topic/construction/electrical
|
||||
- type/media
|
||||
- type/media/reference
|
||||
title: Article 215 Feeders
|
||||
---
|
||||
# Article 215 Feeders
|
||||
|
||||
@@ -8,7 +8,7 @@ tags:
|
||||
- exclude-from-word-count
|
||||
- status/draft
|
||||
- topic/construction/electrical
|
||||
- type/media
|
||||
- type/media/reference
|
||||
title: Article 220 Branch-Circuit, Feeder, and Service Load Calculations
|
||||
---
|
||||
# Article 220 Branch-Circuit, Feeder, and Service Load Calculations
|
||||
|
||||
@@ -8,7 +8,7 @@ tags:
|
||||
- exclude-from-word-count
|
||||
- status/draft
|
||||
- topic/construction/electrical
|
||||
- type/media
|
||||
- type/media/reference
|
||||
title: Article 230 Services
|
||||
---
|
||||
# Article 230 Services
|
||||
|
||||
@@ -8,7 +8,7 @@ tags:
|
||||
- exclude-from-word-count
|
||||
- status/draft
|
||||
- topic/construction/electrical
|
||||
- type/media
|
||||
- type/media/reference
|
||||
title: Article 240 Overcurrent Protection
|
||||
---
|
||||
# Article 240 Overcurrent Protection
|
||||
|
||||
@@ -8,7 +8,7 @@ tags:
|
||||
- exclude-from-word-count
|
||||
- status/draft
|
||||
- topic/construction/electrical
|
||||
- type/media
|
||||
- type/media/reference
|
||||
title: Article 250 Grounding and Bonding
|
||||
---
|
||||
# Article 250 Grounding and Bonding
|
||||
|
||||
@@ -6,9 +6,9 @@ tags:
|
||||
- authorship/other
|
||||
- destiny/uncertain
|
||||
- exclude-from-word-count
|
||||
- status/incomplete
|
||||
- status/draft
|
||||
- topic/construction/electrical
|
||||
- type/media
|
||||
- type/media/reference
|
||||
title: Article 300 General Requirements for Wiring Methods and Materials
|
||||
---
|
||||
# Article 300 General Requirements for Wiring Methods and Materials
|
||||
|
||||
@@ -8,7 +8,7 @@ tags:
|
||||
- exclude-from-word-count
|
||||
- status/incomplete
|
||||
- topic/construction/electrical
|
||||
- type/media
|
||||
- type/media/reference
|
||||
title: Article 310 Conductors for General Wiring
|
||||
---
|
||||
# Article 310 Conductors for General Wiring
|
||||
|
||||
@@ -8,7 +8,7 @@ tags:
|
||||
- exclude-from-word-count
|
||||
- status/draft
|
||||
- topic/construction/electrical
|
||||
- type/media
|
||||
- type/media/reference
|
||||
title: Article 311 Medium Voltage Conductors and Cable
|
||||
---
|
||||
# Article 311 Medium Voltage Conductors and Cable
|
||||
|
||||
@@ -8,7 +8,7 @@ tags:
|
||||
- exclude-from-word-count
|
||||
- status/draft
|
||||
- topic/construction/electrical
|
||||
- type/media
|
||||
- type/media/reference
|
||||
title: Article 312 Cabinets, Cutout Boxes, and Meter Socket Enclosures
|
||||
---
|
||||
# Article 312 Cabinets, Cutout Boxes, and Meter Socket Enclosures
|
||||
|
||||
@@ -8,7 +8,7 @@ tags:
|
||||
- exclude-from-word-count
|
||||
- status/incomplete
|
||||
- topic/construction/electrical
|
||||
- type/media
|
||||
- type/media/reference
|
||||
title: Article 314 Outlet, Device, Pull, and Junction Boxes; Conduit Bodies; Fittings; and Handhole Enclosures
|
||||
---
|
||||
# Article 314 Outlet, Device, Pull, and Junction Boxes; Conduit Bodies; Fittings; and Handhole Enclosures
|
||||
|
||||
@@ -8,7 +8,7 @@ tags:
|
||||
- exclude-from-word-count
|
||||
- status/draft
|
||||
- topic/construction/electrical
|
||||
- type/media
|
||||
- type/media/reference
|
||||
title: "Article 320 Armored Cable: Type AC"
|
||||
---
|
||||
# Article 320 Armored Cable: Type AC
|
||||
|
||||
@@ -8,7 +8,7 @@ tags:
|
||||
- exclude-from-word-count
|
||||
- status/draft
|
||||
- topic/construction/electrical
|
||||
- type/media
|
||||
- type/media/reference
|
||||
title: "Article 330 Metal-Clad Cable: Type MC"
|
||||
---
|
||||
# Article 330 Metal-Clad Cable: Type MC
|
||||
|
||||
@@ -8,7 +8,7 @@ tags:
|
||||
- exclude-from-word-count
|
||||
- status/draft
|
||||
- topic/construction/electrical
|
||||
- type/media
|
||||
- type/media/reference
|
||||
title: "Article 332 Mineral-Insulated, Metal-Sheathed Cable: Type MI"
|
||||
---
|
||||
# Article 332 Mineral-Insulated, Metal-Sheathed Cable: Type MI
|
||||
|
||||
@@ -8,7 +8,7 @@ tags:
|
||||
- exclude-from-word-count
|
||||
- status/incomplete
|
||||
- topic/construction/electrical
|
||||
- type/media
|
||||
- type/media/reference
|
||||
title: "Article 334 Nonmetallic-Sheathed Cable: Types NM and NMC"
|
||||
---
|
||||
# Article 334 Nonmetallic-Sheathed Cable: Types NM and NMC
|
||||
|
||||
+144
@@ -0,0 +1,144 @@
|
||||
---
|
||||
id:
|
||||
aliases:
|
||||
- nec-338
|
||||
title: "Article 338 Service-Entrance Cable: Types SE and USE"
|
||||
tags:
|
||||
- authorship/other
|
||||
- destiny/fleeting
|
||||
- exclude-from-word-count
|
||||
- status/incomplete
|
||||
- topic/construction/electrical
|
||||
- type/media/reference
|
||||
---
|
||||
# Article 338 Service-Entrance Cable: Types SE and USE
|
||||
|
||||
## Part I. General
|
||||
|
||||
### 338.1 Scope.
|
||||
|
||||
This article covers the use, installation, and construction specifications of service-entrance cable.
|
||||
|
||||
### 338.2 Definitions.
|
||||
|
||||
The definition in this section shall apply within this article and throughout the Code.
|
||||
|
||||
#### Service-Entrance Cable.
|
||||
|
||||
A single conductor or multiconductor cable provided with an overall covering, primarily used for services, and of the following types:
|
||||
|
||||
#### Type SE.
|
||||
|
||||
Service-entrance cable having a flame-retardant, moisture-resistant covering.
|
||||
|
||||
#### Type USE.
|
||||
|
||||
Service-entrance cable, identified for underground use, having a moisture-resistant covering, but not required to have a flame-retardant covering.
|
||||
|
||||
#### Service-Entrance Conductor Assembly.
|
||||
|
||||
Multiple single-insulated conductors twisted together without an overall covering, other than an optional binder intended only to keep the conductors together.
|
||||
|
||||
### 338.6 Listing Requirements.
|
||||
|
||||
Type SE and USE cables and associated fittings shall be listed.
|
||||
|
||||
## Part II. Installation
|
||||
|
||||
### 338.10 Uses Permitted.
|
||||
|
||||
#### 338.10(A) Service-Entrance Conductors.
|
||||
|
||||
Service-entrance cable shall be permitted to be used as service-entrance conductors and shall be installed in accordance with 230.6,
|
||||
230.7, and Parts II, III, and IV of Article 230.
|
||||
|
||||
#### 338.10(B) Branch Circuits or Feeders.
|
||||
|
||||
##### 338.10(B)(1) Grounded Conductor Insulated.
|
||||
|
||||
Type SE service-entrance cables shall be permitted in wiring systems where all of the circuit conductors of the cable are of the thermoset or thermoplastic type.
|
||||
|
||||
##### 338.10(B)(2) Use of Uninsulated Conductor.
|
||||
|
||||
Type SE service-entrance cable shall be permitted for use where the insulated conductors are used for circuit wiring and the uninsulated conductor is used only for equipment grounding purposes.
|
||||
|
||||
> [!important] Exception:
|
||||
> In existing installations, uninsulated conductors shall be permitted as a grounded conductor in accordance with 250.32 and
|
||||
250.140, where the uninsulated grounded conductor of the cable originates in service equipment, and with 225.30 through 225.40.
|
||||
|
||||
##### 338.10(B)(3) Temperature Limitations.
|
||||
|
||||
Type SE service-entrance cable used to supply appliances shall not be subject to conductor temperatures in excess of the temperature specified for the type of insulation involved.
|
||||
|
||||
##### 338.10(B)(4) Installation Methods for Branch Circuits and Feeders.
|
||||
|
||||
> [!info] Informational Note No. 1:
|
||||
> See 310.14(A)(3) for temperature limitation of conductors.
|
||||
|
||||
> [!info] Informational Note No. 2:
|
||||
> For the installation of main power feeder conductors in dwelling units refer to 310.12.
|
||||
|
||||
* (a) Interior Installations.
|
||||
|
||||
* (1) In addition to the provisions of this article, Type SE service-entrance cable used for interior wiring shall comply with the installation requirements of Part II of Article 334, excluding 334.80.
|
||||
|
||||
* (2) Where more than two Type SE cables containing two or more current-carrying conductors in each cable are installed in contact with thermal insulation, caulk, or sealing foam without maintaining spacing between cables, the ampacity of each conductor shall be adjusted in accordance with Table 310.15(C)(1).
|
||||
|
||||
* (3) For Type SE cable with ungrounded conductor sizes 10 AWG and smaller, where installed in contact with thermal insulation, the ampacity shall be in accordance with 60°C (140°F) conductor temperature rating. The maximum conductor temperature rating shall be permitted to be used for ampacity adjustment and correction purposes, if the final ampacity does not exceed that for a 60°C (140°F) rated conductor.
|
||||
|
||||
* (b) Exterior Installations.
|
||||
|
||||
* (1) In addition to the provisions of this article, service-entrance cable used for feeders or branch circuits, where installed as exterior wiring, shall be installed in accordance with Part I of Article 225. The cable shall be supported in accordance with
|
||||
334.30.
|
||||
|
||||
* (2) Type USE cable installed as underground feeder and branch circuit cable shall comply with Part II of Article 340.
|
||||
|
||||
> [!important] Exception:
|
||||
> Single-conductor Type USE and multi-rated USE conductors shall not be subject to the ampacity limitations of Part II of
|
||||
|
||||
Article 340.
|
||||
|
||||
### 338.12 Uses Not Permitted.
|
||||
|
||||
#### 338.12(A) Service-Entrance Cable.
|
||||
|
||||
Service-entrance cable (SE) shall not be used under the following conditions or in the following locations:
|
||||
|
||||
* (1) Where subject to physical damage unless protected in accordance with 230.50(B)
|
||||
|
||||
* (2) Underground with or without a raceway
|
||||
|
||||
* (3) For exterior branch circuits and feeder wiring unless the installation complies with the provisions of Part I of Article 225 and is supported in accordance with 334.30 or is used as messenger-supported wiring as permitted in Part II of Article 396
|
||||
|
||||
#### 338.12(B) Underground Service-Entrance Cable.
|
||||
|
||||
Underground service-entrance cable (USE) shall not be used under the following conditions or in the following locations:
|
||||
|
||||
* (1) For interior wiring
|
||||
|
||||
* (2) For aboveground installations except where USE cable emerges from the ground and is terminated in an enclosure at an outdoor location and the cable is protected in accordance with 300.5(D)
|
||||
|
||||
* (3) As aerial cable unless it is a multiconductor cable identified for use aboveground and installed as messenger-supported wiring in accordance with 225.10 and Part II of Article 396
|
||||
|
||||
### 338.24 Bending Radius.
|
||||
|
||||
Bends in Types USE and SE cable shall be so made that the cable will not be damaged. The radius of the curve of the inner edge of any bend, during or after installation, shall not be less than five times the diameter of the cable.
|
||||
|
||||
## Part III. Construction Specifications
|
||||
|
||||
### 338.100 Construction.
|
||||
|
||||
#### 338.100(A) Assemblies.
|
||||
|
||||
Cabled assemblies of multiple single-conductor Type USE conductors shall be permitted for direct burial. All conductors shall be insulated.
|
||||
|
||||
> [!info] Informational Note:
|
||||
> The term "cabled" refers to a manufacturing process of twisting single conductors together and may also be referred to as "plexed."
|
||||
|
||||
#### 338.100(B) Uninsulated Conductor.
|
||||
|
||||
Type SE or USE cable with an overall covering containing two or more conductors shall be permitted to have one conductor uninsulated.
|
||||
|
||||
### 338.120 Marking.
|
||||
|
||||
Service-entrance cable shall be marked as required in 310.8. Cable with the neutral conductor smaller than the ungrounded conductors shall be so marked.
|
||||
+271
@@ -0,0 +1,271 @@
|
||||
---
|
||||
id:
|
||||
aliases:
|
||||
- nec-352
|
||||
title: "Article 352 Rigid Polyvinyl Chloride Conduit: Type PVC"
|
||||
tags:
|
||||
- authorship/other
|
||||
- destiny/fleeting
|
||||
- exclude-from-word-count
|
||||
- status/incomplete
|
||||
- topic/construction/electrical
|
||||
- type/media/reference
|
||||
---
|
||||
# Article 352 Rigid Polyvinyl Chloride Conduit: Type PVC
|
||||
|
||||
## Part I. General
|
||||
|
||||
### 352.1 Scope.
|
||||
|
||||
This article covers the use, installation, and construction specifications for rigid polyvinyl chloride conduit (PVC) and associated fittings.
|
||||
|
||||
> [!info] Informational Note:
|
||||
> Refer to Article 353 for High Density Polyethylene Conduit: Type HDPE, and Article 355 for Reinforced
|
||||
|
||||
Thermosetting Resin Conduit: Type RTRC.
|
||||
|
||||
### 352.2 Definition.
|
||||
|
||||
The definition in this section shall apply within this article and throughout the Code.
|
||||
|
||||
Rigid Polyvinyl Chloride Conduit (PVC).
|
||||
|
||||
A rigid nonmetallic raceway of circular cross section, with integral or associated couplings, connectors, and fittings for the installation of electrical conductors and cables.
|
||||
|
||||
### 352.6 Listing Requirements.
|
||||
|
||||
PVC conduit, factory elbows, and associated fittings shall be listed.
|
||||
|
||||
## Part II. Installation
|
||||
|
||||
### 352.10 Uses Permitted.
|
||||
|
||||
The use of PVC conduit shall be permitted in accordance with 352.10(A) through (I).
|
||||
|
||||
> [!info] Informational Note:
|
||||
> Extreme cold may cause some nonmetallic conduits to become brittle and, therefore, more susceptible to damage from physical contact.
|
||||
|
||||
#### 352.10(A) Concealed.
|
||||
|
||||
PVC conduit shall be permitted in walls, floors, and ceilings.
|
||||
|
||||
#### 352.10(B) Corrosive Influences.
|
||||
|
||||
PVC conduit shall be permitted in locations subject to severe corrosive influences as covered in 300.6 and where subject to chemicals for which the materials are specifically approved.
|
||||
|
||||
#### 352.10(C) Cinders.
|
||||
|
||||
PVC conduit shall be permitted in cinder fill.
|
||||
|
||||
#### 352.10(D) Wet Locations.
|
||||
|
||||
PVC conduit shall be permitted in portions of dairies, laundries, canneries, or other wet locations, and in locations where walls are frequently washed, the entire conduit system, including boxes and fittings used therewith, shall be installed and equipped so as to prevent water from entering the conduit. All supports, bolts, straps, screws, and so forth, shall be of corrosion-resistant materials or be protected against corrosion by approved corrosion-resistant materials.
|
||||
|
||||
#### 352.10(E) Dry and Damp Locations.
|
||||
|
||||
PVC conduit shall be permitted for use in dry and damp locations not prohibited by 352.12.
|
||||
|
||||
#### 352.10(F) Exposed.
|
||||
|
||||
PVC conduit shall be permitted for exposed work. PVC conduit used exposed in areas of physical damage shall be identified for the use.
|
||||
|
||||
> [!info] Informational Note:
|
||||
> PVC Conduit, Type Schedule 80, is identified for areas of physical damage.
|
||||
|
||||
#### 352.10(G) Underground Installations.
|
||||
|
||||
For underground installations, PVC shall be permitted for direct burial and underground encased in concrete. See 300.5 and 300.50.
|
||||
|
||||
#### 352.10(H) Support of Conduit Bodies.
|
||||
|
||||
PVC conduit shall be permitted to support nonmetallic conduit bodies not larger than the largest trade size of an entering raceway.
|
||||
|
||||
These conduit bodies shall not support luminaires or other equipment and shall not contain devices other than splicing devices as permitted by 110.14(B) and 314.16(C)(2).
|
||||
|
||||
#### 352.10(I) Insulation Temperature Limitations.
|
||||
|
||||
Conductors or cables rated at a temperature higher than the listed temperature rating of PVC conduit shall be permitted to be installed in PVC conduit, provided the conductors or cables are not operated at a temperature higher than the listed temperature rating of the
|
||||
|
||||
PVC conduit.
|
||||
|
||||
### 352.12 Uses Not Permitted.
|
||||
|
||||
PVC conduit shall not be used under the conditions specified in 352.12(A) through (E).
|
||||
|
||||
#### 352.12(A) Hazardous (Classified) Locations.
|
||||
|
||||
In any hazardous (classified) location, except as permitted by other articles of this Code.
|
||||
|
||||
#### 352.12(B) Support of Luminaires.
|
||||
|
||||
For the support of luminaires or other equipment not described in 352.10(H).
|
||||
|
||||
#### 352.12(C) Physical Damage.
|
||||
|
||||
Where subject to physical damage unless identified for such use.
|
||||
|
||||
#### 352.12(D) Ambient Temperatures.
|
||||
|
||||
Where subject to ambient temperatures in excess of 50°C (122°F) unless listed otherwise.
|
||||
|
||||
#### 352.12(E) Theaters and Similar Locations.
|
||||
|
||||
In theaters and similar locations, except as provided in 518.4 and 520.5.
|
||||
|
||||
### 352.20 Size.
|
||||
|
||||
#### 352.20(A) Minimum.
|
||||
|
||||
PVC conduit smaller than metric designator 16 (trade size 1/2) shall not be used.
|
||||
|
||||
#### 352.20(B) Maximum.
|
||||
|
||||
PVC conduit larger than metric designator 155 (trade size 6) shall not be used.
|
||||
|
||||
> [!info] Informational Note:
|
||||
> The trade sizes and metric designators are for identification purposes only and do not relate to actual dimensions.
|
||||
|
||||
See 300.1(C).
|
||||
|
||||
### 352.22 Number of Conductors.
|
||||
|
||||
The number of conductors shall not exceed that permitted by the percentage fill specified in Table 1, Chapter 9.
|
||||
|
||||
Cables shall be permitted to be installed where such use is not prohibited by the respective cable articles. The number of cables shall not exceed the allowable percentage fill specified in Table 1, Chapter 9.
|
||||
|
||||
### 352.24 Bends --- How Made.
|
||||
|
||||
Bends shall be so made that the conduit will not be damaged and the internal diameter of the conduit will not be effectively reduced.
|
||||
|
||||
Field bends shall be made only with identified bending equipment. The radius of the curve to the centerline of such bends shall not be less than shown in Table 2, Chapter 9.
|
||||
|
||||
### 352.26 Bends --- Number in One Run.
|
||||
|
||||
There shall not be more than the equivalent of four quarter bends (360 degrees total) between pull points, for example, conduit bodies and boxes.
|
||||
|
||||
### 352.28 Trimming.
|
||||
|
||||
All cut ends shall be trimmed inside and outside to remove rough edges.
|
||||
|
||||
### 352.30 Securing and Supporting.
|
||||
|
||||
PVC conduit shall be installed as a complete system as provided in 300.18 and shall be fastened so that movement from thermal expansion or contraction is permitted. PVC conduit shall be securely fastened and supported in accordance with 352.30(A) and (B).
|
||||
|
||||
#### 352.30(A) Securely Fastened.
|
||||
|
||||
PVC conduit shall be securely fastened within 900 mm (3 ft) of each outlet box, junction box, device box, conduit body, or other conduit termination. Conduit listed for securing at other than 900 mm (3 ft) shall be permitted to be installed in accordance with the listing.
|
||||
|
||||
#### 352.30(B) Supports.
|
||||
|
||||
PVC conduit shall be supported as required in Table 352.30. Conduit listed for support at spacings other than as shown in Table 352.30 shall be permitted to be installed in accordance with the listing. Horizontal runs of PVC conduit supported by openings through framing members at intervals not exceeding those in Table 352.30 and securely fastened within 900 mm (3 ft) of termination points shall be permitted.
|
||||
|
||||
Table 352.30 Support of Rigid Polyvinyl Chloride Conduit (PVC)
|
||||
|
||||
Conduit Size Maximum Spacing Between Supports
|
||||
|
||||
Metric Designator Trade Size mm or m ft
|
||||
16--27 1/2--1 900 mm 3
|
||||
35--53 11/4--2 1.5 m 5
|
||||
63--78 21/2--3 1.8 m 6
|
||||
91--129 31/2--5 2.1 m 7
|
||||
|
||||
Conduit Size Maximum Spacing Between Supports
|
||||
|
||||
Metric Designator Trade Size mm or m ft
|
||||
155 6 2.5 m 8
|
||||
|
||||
### 352.44 Expansion Fittings.
|
||||
|
||||
Expansion fittings for PVC conduit shall be provided to compensate for thermal expansion and contraction where the length change, in accordance with Table 352.44, is expected to be 6 mm (1/4 in.) or greater in a straight run between securely mounted items such as boxes, cabinets, elbows, or other conduit terminations.
|
||||
|
||||
Table 352.44 Expansion Characteristics of PVC Rigid Nonmetallic Conduit Coefficient of Thermal
|
||||
|
||||
Expansion = 6.084 × 10 mm/mm/°C (3.38 × 10 in./in./°F)
|
||||
|
||||
Temperature
|
||||
|
||||
Change (°C)
|
||||
|
||||
Length Change of
|
||||
|
||||
PVC Conduit
|
||||
(mm/m)
|
||||
|
||||
Temperature
|
||||
|
||||
Change (°F)
|
||||
|
||||
Length Change of
|
||||
|
||||
PVC Conduit
|
||||
(in./100 ft)
|
||||
|
||||
Temperature
|
||||
|
||||
Change (°F)
|
||||
|
||||
Length Change of
|
||||
|
||||
PVC Conduit
|
||||
(in./100 ft)
|
||||
5 0.30 5 0.20 105 4.26
|
||||
10 0.61 10 0.41 110 4.46
|
||||
15 0.91 15 0.61 115 4.66
|
||||
20 1.22 20 0.81 120 4.87
|
||||
25 1.52 25 1.01 125 5.07
|
||||
30 1.83 30 1.22 130 5.27
|
||||
35 2.13 35 1.42 135 5.48
|
||||
40 2.43 40 1.62 140 5.68
|
||||
45 2.74 45 1.83 145 5.88
|
||||
50 3.04 50 2.03 150 6.08
|
||||
55 3.35 55 2.23 155 6.29
|
||||
60 3.65 60 2.43 160 6.49
|
||||
65 3.95 65 2.64 165 6.69
|
||||
70 4.26 70 2.84 170 6.90
|
||||
75 4.56 75 3.04 175 7.10
|
||||
80 4.87 80 3.24 180 7.30
|
||||
85 5.17 85 3.45 185 7.50
|
||||
90 5.48 90 3.65 190 7.71
|
||||
95 5.78 95 3.85 195 7.91
|
||||
100 6.08 100 4.06 200 8.11
|
||||
|
||||
### 352.46 Bushings.
|
||||
|
||||
Where a conduit enters a box, fitting, or other enclosure, a bushing or adapter shall be provided to protect the wire from abrasion unless the box, fitting, or enclosure design provides equivalent protection.
|
||||
|
||||
> [!info] Informational Note:
|
||||
> See 300.4(G) for the protection of conductors 4 AWG and larger at bushings.
|
||||
|
||||
### 352.48 Joints.
|
||||
|
||||
All joints between lengths of conduit, and between conduit and couplings, fittings, and boxes, shall be made by an approved method.
|
||||
|
||||
### 352.56 Splices and Taps.
|
||||
|
||||
Splices and taps shall be made in accordance with 300.15.
|
||||
|
||||
### 352.60 Grounding.
|
||||
|
||||
Where equipment grounding is required, a separate equipment grounding conductor shall be installed in the conduit.
|
||||
--5 --5
|
||||
|
||||
> [!important] Exception No. 1:
|
||||
> As permitted in 250.134, Exception No. 2, for dc circuits and 250.134, Exception No. 1, for separately run equipment grounding conductors.
|
||||
|
||||
> [!important] Exception No. 2:
|
||||
> Where the grounded conductor is used to ground equipment as permitted in 250.142.
|
||||
|
||||
## Part III. Construction Specifications
|
||||
|
||||
### 352.100 Construction.
|
||||
|
||||
PVC conduit shall be made of rigid (nonplasticized) polyvinyl chloride (PVC). PVC conduit and fittings shall be composed of suitable nonmetallic material that is resistant to moisture and chemical atmospheres. For use aboveground, it shall also be flame retardant, resistant to impact and crushing, resistant to distortion from heat under conditions likely to be encountered in service, and resistant to low temperature and sunlight effects. For use underground, the material shall be acceptably resistant to moisture and corrosive agents and shall be of sufficient strength to withstand abuse, such as by impact and crushing, in handling and during installation. Where intended for direct burial, without encasement in concrete, the material shall also be capable of withstanding continued loading that is likely to be encountered after installation.
|
||||
|
||||
### 352.120 Marking.
|
||||
|
||||
Each length of PVC conduit shall be clearly and durably marked at least every 3 m (10 ft) as required in the first sentence of 110.21(A).
|
||||
|
||||
The type of material shall also be included in the marking unless it is visually identifiable. For conduit recognized for use aboveground, these markings shall be permanent. For conduit limited to underground use only, these markings shall be sufficiently durable to remain legible until the material is installed. Conduit shall be permitted to be surface marked to indicate special characteristics of the material.
|
||||
|
||||
> [!info] Informational Note:
|
||||
> Examples of these markings include but are not limited to "limited smoke" and "sunlight resistant."
|
||||
@@ -4,11 +4,11 @@ aliases:
|
||||
- nec-422
|
||||
tags:
|
||||
- authorship/other
|
||||
- destiny/permanent/entry-point
|
||||
- destiny/permanent
|
||||
- exclude-from-word-count
|
||||
- status/incomplete
|
||||
- topic/construction/electrical
|
||||
- type/media
|
||||
- type/media/reference
|
||||
title: Article 422 Appliances
|
||||
---
|
||||
# Article 422 Appliances
|
||||
|
||||
Some files were not shown because too many files have changed in this diff Show More
Reference in New Issue
Block a user