vault backup: 2025-11-10 16:55:49
This commit is contained in:
Vendored
-1
@@ -9,7 +9,6 @@
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||||
"obsidian-excalidraw-plugin",
|
||||
"obsidian-hover-editor",
|
||||
"quickadd",
|
||||
"image-converter",
|
||||
"recent-files-obsidian",
|
||||
"obsidian-latex-suite",
|
||||
"obsidian-pretty-bibtex",
|
||||
|
||||
Vendored
+4
@@ -0,0 +1,4 @@
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||||
{
|
||||
"folder": "",
|
||||
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||||
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||||
-349
@@ -1,349 +0,0 @@
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||||
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||||
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|
||||
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|
||||
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|
||||
{
|
||||
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|
||||
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|
||||
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|
||||
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|
||||
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|
||||
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|
||||
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|
||||
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|
||||
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|
||||
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|
||||
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|
||||
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|
||||
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|
||||
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||||
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||||
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|
||||
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|
||||
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||||
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||||
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||||
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||||
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||||
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||||
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||||
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||||
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||||
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||||
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||||
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||||
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||||
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||||
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||||
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||||
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||||
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||||
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"color": "#000000",
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"color": "#000000",
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"opacity": 1,
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"size": 8
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||||
"isImageResizeEnbaled": true,
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||||
"resizeState": {
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||||
"isResizing": false
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||||
"enableContextMenu": true,
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||||
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||||
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||||
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||||
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||||
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|
||||
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|
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@@ -1 +0,0 @@
|
||||
{}
|
||||
-7
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-11
@@ -1,11 +0,0 @@
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||||
{
|
||||
"id": "image-converter",
|
||||
"name": "Image Converter",
|
||||
"version": "1.3.18",
|
||||
"minAppVersion": "0.15.0",
|
||||
"description": "Convert, compress, resize, annotate, markup, draw, crop, rotate, flip, align images directly in Obsidian. Drag-resize, rename with variables, batch process. WEBP, JPG, PNG, HEIC, TIF.",
|
||||
"author": "xRyul",
|
||||
"authorUrl": "https://github.com/xryul",
|
||||
"isDesktopOnly": false,
|
||||
"fundingUrl": "https://ko-fi.com/xryul"
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||||
}
|
||||
-3535
File diff suppressed because it is too large
Load Diff
+58
-1
@@ -287,7 +287,64 @@
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||||
Vendored
+1
-1
@@ -1,3 +1,3 @@
|
||||
{
|
||||
"folder": "Templates"
|
||||
"folder": "templates"
|
||||
}
|
||||
@@ -17,7 +17,7 @@ description: |
|
||||
|
||||
![[rev-william-h-alexander_ddd-obit.png]]
|
||||
|
||||
CAMP HILL Pa. (UPI)--
|
||||
CAMP HILL Pa. (UPI)---
|
||||
A former chaplain of the Republican party who was an unsuccessful candidate for U. S. Senator in 1950 was killed with two other persons Sunday night in the crash of a private plane.
|
||||
|
||||
The victims were identified as the Rev. Dr. William H. Alexander, pastor of the First Christian Church of Oklahoma City, his wife, and N. S. Schumman of Enid, Okla., the pilot.
|
||||
|
||||
@@ -0,0 +1,58 @@
|
||||
---
|
||||
id:
|
||||
aliases: []
|
||||
tags:
|
||||
- authorship/original
|
||||
- destiny/permanent
|
||||
- original-format/typewritten-print
|
||||
- type/daily
|
||||
title: 2025-10-26
|
||||
---
|
||||
# 2025-10-26
|
||||
|
||||
## 2025-10-26 18:36 --- Sunday evening
|
||||
|
||||
I read Harlan Ellison's _I Have No Mouth, and I Must Scream_ this morning.
|
||||
It took me about two hours. What may be curious about that is the story is
|
||||
less than six thousand words. What I did for _IHNMAIMS_, though---and what I've
|
||||
made a habit of doing with all short-form literature I read recently---
|
||||
is only half reading. Here's my process:
|
||||
|
||||
1. Google or DuckDuckGo (Google's cooler but less studious cousin)for
|
||||
"(title).epub", or "(title).pdf" if the first doesn't get any good
|
||||
hits.
|
||||
|
||||
2. Convert the ripped doc to markdown using one of several tools as
|
||||
most appropriate and no small amount of manual effort.
|
||||
|
||||
3. Convert the new markdown file to epub and upload it to my calibre
|
||||
library.
|
||||
|
||||
It's during step 2 that I read the piece, and I really get in there.
|
||||
Because markdown ignores single line breaks you can put them where ever you
|
||||
want in a paragraph without changing the output. Some standards recommend on
|
||||
sentence per line, but that's often to long to be practical, and, more
|
||||
importantly, misses out on the ability to punctuate another author's writing
|
||||
the way they goddamn well should've in the first place. Again I stress, this
|
||||
doesn't affect the output.
|
||||
|
||||
I do this so often that reading any other way---
|
||||
web articles, where line breaks are meaningless, or worse print, where the
|
||||
the same is true and text is broken up arbitrarily into pages---has become
|
||||
noticeably more straining. Equally straining is writing in this wall-of-text
|
||||
format. I've done it so far simply because I like hearing the margin bell ahhhh
|
||||
We're too advanced as a species to be treating books
|
||||
as anything but an imperfect medium for the pure expression of text.
|
||||
|
||||
I have what some might consider a liberal view of artistic ownership.
|
||||
Suppose you were conversing with a coworker and they said something poignant,
|
||||
later you speak with another and share the first's anecdote as your own.
|
||||
Is this theft? No. Immoral? Unethical? Perhaps.
|
||||
Your coworker has not lost anything.
|
||||
Not the idea, and not the certainty that _they_ came up with it.
|
||||
It is possible to believe that something should not be done
|
||||
without believing those who do should be imprisoned.
|
||||
Personally, I cite my sources because I respect _information_ not authors.
|
||||
I _would_ "steal", but I really get a kick out of paying.
|
||||
|
||||
To value the profit of one's ideas above their inherent worth is shameful.
|
||||
@@ -0,0 +1,40 @@
|
||||
---
|
||||
id:
|
||||
aliases: []
|
||||
tags:
|
||||
- authorship/original
|
||||
- destiny/permanent
|
||||
- original-format/typewritten-print
|
||||
- type/daily
|
||||
title: 2025-10-31
|
||||
---
|
||||
# 2025-10-31
|
||||
|
||||
## 2025-10-31 18:26 --- Friday Evening
|
||||
|
||||
This morning as I was leaving for work I saw a massive congregation
|
||||
of all the walky water birds I love so much. A hundred and more, milling about
|
||||
in-the early sunrise. The banks were covered in ibises picking at the grass
|
||||
around the feet of egrets standing proudly and spaced just so. A dozen anhingas
|
||||
splashed messily in the center of the pond while a lone stork looked on with
|
||||
the mix of judgement and reservation typical of the species.
|
||||
It was the first time I had left so late. I'll visit again tomorrow,
|
||||
hopefully I'll be able to get better pictures.
|
||||
I saw a few more around 17:00 walking around the pond after work. Some regu-
|
||||
lars: an anhinga drying her wings after a swim; a flock of mallard hens following
|
||||
in case I had food; a tricolor heron, as flighty as if I were standing over it,
|
||||
and pointing a gun instead of my phone's camera; but I also saw a beautiful
|
||||
great blue heron (_Ardea herodias_)---which, despite the wide berth I gave it,
|
||||
fled like its little cousin at my interest---and a common gallinule
|
||||
(_Gallinula galeata_), the latter I positively identified for the first time
|
||||
today. They have absurdly large feet, moorso the juveniles.\*
|
||||
|
||||
\*The common gallinule was formerly known as the common moorhen, only split from
|
||||
the Old World species (_Gallinula chloropus_) in July 2011. It may still be more
|
||||
widely known as "moorhen" , thus the pun.
|
||||
Today was a good day---I've been at this for a while, one second.
|
||||
|
||||
## 2025-10-31 19:48 --- Late Friday Evening, Halloween btw
|
||||
|
||||
Today was a good day. If I could see so many gorgeous creatures every day
|
||||
as I have this one I might never shed another tear. I love birds.
|
||||
@@ -0,0 +1,37 @@
|
||||
---
|
||||
id:
|
||||
aliases: []
|
||||
tags:
|
||||
- authorship/original
|
||||
- destiny/permanent
|
||||
- original-format/typewritten-print
|
||||
- type/daily
|
||||
title: 2025-11-01
|
||||
---
|
||||
# 2025-11-01
|
||||
|
||||
## 2025-11-01 05:41 --- Saturday Morning
|
||||
|
||||
Somehow I've already let an hour get away from me.
|
||||
Today I need to do some cleaning: a load of laundry and leftover dishes
|
||||
at least. I'll do those after I finish this note, plus some pushups, before
|
||||
I shower and change to go visit the birds across the street. Later I'll need
|
||||
to go to the store for more sliced almonds and coconut oil so I can make gran
|
||||
ola for tomorrow's breakfast. I'll go to Walmart so I can get a new mattress
|
||||
protector, too. Copy paper, a 3-hole punch and a small binder would also be
|
||||
nice for my typewriter journaling.
|
||||
|
||||
## 2025-11-01 07:06 --- Saturday Morning
|
||||
|
||||
I wasted more time doomscrolling after my last note, but I did manage
|
||||
to do the laundry, dishes and pushups. Now I need to shower and dress in time
|
||||
to see the birds.
|
||||
|
||||
## 2025-11-01 08:25
|
||||
|
||||
There were fewer than yesterday, but still a ton. There was a chill, but
|
||||
I was dressed well for it. I think with exposure the birds will get used to
|
||||
mg presence. I saw a bald eagle (_Haliaeetus leucocephalus_) for the first time
|
||||
in Florida. They are ugly creatures, of both body and spirit, unlike the wood
|
||||
stork (_Mycteria americana_) which is uglier of body, but pure of heart.
|
||||
There was also some guy getting dumped on the phone and not taking it well.
|
||||
@@ -51,7 +51,7 @@ No homeruns for amenity lighting or electrical were taken off.
|
||||
Joel to add these.
|
||||
|
||||
> [!info] Circuits per Raceway
|
||||
> Corwin stated that--assuming no overriding specification--
|
||||
> Corwin stated that---assuming no overriding specification---
|
||||
> up to 6 circuits in a raceway are permissible.
|
||||
|
||||
### Lighting Control
|
||||
@@ -93,7 +93,7 @@ this was rationalized as being due
|
||||
to the relatively high portion of garage and shell retail space.
|
||||
|
||||
%%
|
||||
"Openings per unit" was another metric considered--
|
||||
higher than expected in this case--
|
||||
"Openings per unit" was another metric considered---
|
||||
higher than expected in this case---
|
||||
however I didn't catch the significance of this.
|
||||
%%
|
||||
|
||||
@@ -0,0 +1,31 @@
|
||||
---
|
||||
id:
|
||||
aliases: []
|
||||
tags:
|
||||
- authorship/original
|
||||
- destiny/permanent
|
||||
- original-format/typewritten-print
|
||||
- type/daily
|
||||
title: 2025-11-05
|
||||
---
|
||||
# 2025-11-05
|
||||
|
||||
## 2025-11-05 ??:??
|
||||
|
||||
Conservatives claim to care about
|
||||
family values, but a purely merit-based system
|
||||
incentivizes degenerate lifestyles.
|
||||
To build merit requires _time_ and nothing else.
|
||||
"What of effort? What of willpower?" Yes, for those
|
||||
of non-negotiable responsibility, (read: familial
|
||||
obligation) carving out time for professional
|
||||
improvement does require effort, a tremendous amount
|
||||
in fact, where bachelors like myself struggle to
|
||||
fill a day with activity. It would not be absurd
|
||||
to say that it is easier for me to pursue
|
||||
professional development than not. I don't believe
|
||||
that love can be put off a decade, and I find the
|
||||
idea bitter cynical.
|
||||
|
||||
I don't deserve a better life than my wedded
|
||||
peers because I'm compulsively socially avoidant.
|
||||
@@ -1,10 +1,16 @@
|
||||
---
|
||||
id:
|
||||
aliases: []
|
||||
tags: []
|
||||
title: 2025-11-06 18:12 -- Bad Bid Practice
|
||||
tags:
|
||||
- authorship/original
|
||||
- destiny/permanent
|
||||
- original-format/digital-text
|
||||
- type/daily
|
||||
title: 2025-11-06
|
||||
---
|
||||
# 2025-11-06 18:12 -- Bad Bid Practice
|
||||
# 2025-11-06
|
||||
|
||||
## 2025-11-06 18:12 "Bad Bid Practice"
|
||||
|
||||
I might be reprimanded for the things I've said about deceptive bid practices
|
||||
were I to repeat them to the wrong person,
|
||||
@@ -24,9 +30,9 @@ Now I feel myself sour when I see the same warning signs.
|
||||
|
||||
> [!quote] Robert Palmer, "Every Kinda People"
|
||||
> There is no profit in deceit
|
||||
>
|
||||
>
|
||||
> Honest men know that
|
||||
>
|
||||
>
|
||||
> Revenge does not taste sweet
|
||||
|
||||
When you bill your customer to provide scope
|
||||
@@ -56,7 +62,7 @@ or conduit as equipment grounding
|
||||
but they're only playing at law.
|
||||
|
||||
It is... _inadvisable_ to get into a dispute over contract terminology
|
||||
with an organization that--necessarily--has a larger legal department than you.
|
||||
with an organization that---necessarily---has a larger legal department than you.
|
||||
Much more so when your basis for complaint is a typo-ridden checklist
|
||||
written by estimators with degrees in anything but law,
|
||||
rarely construction management,
|
||||
+108
@@ -0,0 +1,108 @@
|
||||
---
|
||||
id:
|
||||
aliases: []
|
||||
tags:
|
||||
- authorship/original
|
||||
- destiny/permanent
|
||||
- original-format/typewritten-print
|
||||
- original-format/digital-text
|
||||
- type/daily
|
||||
title: 2025-11-10
|
||||
---
|
||||
# 2025-11-10
|
||||
|
||||
## 2025-11-10 06:53 --- Monday Morning Before Work
|
||||
|
||||
I've been trying to be alone with my thoughts more
|
||||
recently. It's almost bizarre how working in silence
|
||||
for an hour makes the thought of music or an audio-
|
||||
book seem overstimulating, It feels right, though.
|
||||
To want to converse with myself rather than let my
|
||||
superego be drowned out by appealing sounds or a
|
||||
fantasy story I've already heard, or obscure facts
|
||||
about a game I've never played and never will.
|
||||
|
||||
I still relapse, of course, a lifetime (albeit
|
||||
a short one) of unhealthy interaction with computers
|
||||
will do that, but I'm making quick -progress.
|
||||
I watched a video yesterday that suggested that
|
||||
it might be my growing understanding of computers
|
||||
rather than my self discipline-that's lead to this
|
||||
change in the dynamic between me and them. That,
|
||||
in understanding _how_ they function, I've turned
|
||||
them from _devices_ into _things_, which lack
|
||||
the mystical allure of the former. Whatever
|
||||
the reason, it's good progress as far
|
||||
as I'm concerned. It feels good to be introspective
|
||||
and to have time to build skills people care about,
|
||||
like music and style and... birdwatching...
|
||||
|
||||
## 2025-11-10 10:40
|
||||
|
||||
A significant change from Ace to PDI in my mentality during takeoff
|
||||
is that I now tend to expect that (within reason)
|
||||
"holes" in takeoff scripts are _intentional omissions_,
|
||||
not holes in cost coverage.
|
||||
|
||||
## 2025-11-10 11:14
|
||||
|
||||
I was updating my notes,
|
||||
filling in gaps in scripts based on Joel's,
|
||||
when I noticed a strange paragraph:
|
||||
|
||||
> [!quote] `OneNote`/`Joel Take-off`/`Misc. Notes`
|
||||
> Drop Down Ceilings vs. GWB (Gypsum Wall Boards)
|
||||
>
|
||||
> Drop down ceiling is technically "Exposed" (the real term should be accessable),
|
||||
> so Romex and SER is not permited. Will need to use MC.
|
||||
>
|
||||
> > [!image]
|
||||
> > ### 334.12 Uses Not Permitted.
|
||||
> >
|
||||
> > #### 334.12(A) Types NM and NMC.
|
||||
> >
|
||||
> > Types NM and NMC cables shall not be permitted as follows:
|
||||
> >
|
||||
> > 1. In any dwelling or structure not specifically
|
||||
> > permitted in 334.10(1), (2), (3)
|
||||
> >
|
||||
> > 2. ==Exposed in dropped or suspended ceilings==
|
||||
> > in other than one- and two-family and multifamily dwellings
|
||||
|
||||
This analysis of 334.12(A)(2) is flawed.
|
||||
|
||||
Based on
|
||||
|
||||
* [[nfpa-70_100_definitions#Exposed (as applied to wiring methods).]]
|
||||
* [[nfpa-70_100_definitions#Dwelling, Multifamily.]]
|
||||
|
||||
[[nfpa-70_334_nm-cable#334.12(A) Types NM and NMC.|334.12(A)(2)]]
|
||||
can be paraphrased as follows:
|
||||
|
||||
> [!cite] NEC 334.12(A)(2), pp.
|
||||
> Types NM and NMC cable are not permitted to be installed
|
||||
> in accessible spaces above suspended ceilings,
|
||||
> _except in buildings containing one or more dwelling units._
|
||||
|
||||
The prohibition of 334.12(A)(2) *never* applies to apartments or condos,
|
||||
And only applies to hotels and dormitories on a basis of AHJ interpretation
|
||||
(See [[multi-family-dwellings#Are Hotels Multifamily Dwellings?]]).
|
||||
|
||||
It's unclear to me if this a misunderstanding
|
||||
or a [[heuristics|rule of thumb]] to cover the case
|
||||
that guestrooms are not interpreted to be dwelling units.
|
||||
If it's the latter, I believe it's far too conservative
|
||||
to be used whole-cloth on all estimates.
|
||||
|
||||
## 2025-11-10 15:15
|
||||
|
||||
### "Feeder"
|
||||
|
||||
The NEC definition of feeder is quite strict.
|
||||
I'm certain I misuse it frequently.
|
||||
|
||||
![[nfpa-70_100_definitions#Feeder.]]
|
||||
|
||||
It _does not_ include power conductors to
|
||||
[[nfpa-70_100_definitions#Utilization Equipment.|utilization equipment]],
|
||||
those are a [[nfpa-70_100_definitions#Branch Circuit.|branch circuit]]
|
||||
@@ -0,0 +1,32 @@
|
||||
---
|
||||
id:
|
||||
aliases: []
|
||||
tags:
|
||||
- authorship/original
|
||||
- destiny/permanent
|
||||
- occupational/takeoff/standalone-systems
|
||||
- status/draft
|
||||
- type/guide
|
||||
title: Carbon Monoxide Detection Takeoff
|
||||
---
|
||||
# Carbon Monoxide Detection Takeoff
|
||||
|
||||
## Devices
|
||||
|
||||
> Alarms, detectors, etc.
|
||||
|
||||
> * `System` = "LV - CO System"
|
||||
>
|
||||
> Takeoff: `COMMON ASSEMBLIES`/`LOW VOLTAGE SYSTEMS`/`CO DETECTION`/`CO DEVICE - ...`
|
||||
|
||||
## Exhaust Fan Connections
|
||||
|
||||
For each controlled exhaust fan VFD...
|
||||
|
||||
1. > * `System` = "LV - CO System"
|
||||
>
|
||||
> Takeoff: `COMMON ASSEMBLIES`/`LOW VOLTAGE SYSTEMS`/`CO DETECTION`/`CO FAN - ...`
|
||||
|
||||
2. > * `System` = "LV - CO System"
|
||||
>
|
||||
> Takeoff: `COMMON ASSEMBLIES`/`MECHANICAL CONNECTIONS (UP TO 100A)`/...
|
||||
@@ -24,17 +24,37 @@ Set-Content -Path $Path -Value $newContent
|
||||
## Converting NFPA Code
|
||||
|
||||
```powershell
|
||||
param(
|
||||
[string]$Path,
|
||||
[string]$DestinationPath
|
||||
)
|
||||
|
||||
$content = Get-Content -Path $Path
|
||||
$newContent = $content
|
||||
|
||||
# "210.17(B)(3)" -> h5
|
||||
$newContent -replace '^(\d{3}\.\d+\([A-Z]\)\(\d\) .+)$', '\n##### $1\n'
|
||||
$newContent = $newContent -replace '^(\d{3}\.\d+\([A-Z]\)\(\d\) .+)$', "`n##### `$1`n"
|
||||
|
||||
# "210.17(B)" -> h4
|
||||
$newContent -replace '^(\d{3}\.\d+\([A-Z]\) .+)$', '\n#### $1\n'
|
||||
$newContent = $newContent -replace '^(\d{3}\.\d+\([A-Z]\) .+)$', "`n#### `$1`n"
|
||||
|
||||
# "210.17" -> h3
|
||||
$newContent -replace '^(\d{3}\.\d+ .+)$', '\n### $1\n'
|
||||
$newContent = $newContent -replace '^(\d{3}\.\d+ .+)$', "`n### `$1`n"
|
||||
|
||||
# "Part I. General" -> h2
|
||||
$newContent = $newContent -replace '^(Part [IVX]+\. .+)$', "`n## `$1`n"
|
||||
|
||||
# "(1)" -> "1."
|
||||
$newContent -replace '^\((\d)\)', '$1\.'
|
||||
$newContent = $newContent -replace '^\((\d\d?)\)', "`$1."
|
||||
|
||||
# "(41⁄ 2 ft)" -> "(4 1/2 ft)"
|
||||
# TODO: \u2044
|
||||
|
||||
# "Informational Note: Types NM, NMC..."
|
||||
# "Informational Note No. 1:"
|
||||
|
||||
New-Item -Type File -Path $DestinationPath -ErrorAction SilentlyContinue | Out-Null
|
||||
Set-Content -Path $DestinationPath -Value $newContent
|
||||
```
|
||||
|
||||
## Semantic Line Breaks
|
||||
|
||||
@@ -0,0 +1,16 @@
|
||||
---
|
||||
id:
|
||||
aliases: []
|
||||
tags:
|
||||
- authorship/original
|
||||
- destiny/permanent
|
||||
- status/incomplete
|
||||
- topic/meta
|
||||
- type/encyclopedia
|
||||
title: Daily Notes
|
||||
---
|
||||
# Daily Notes
|
||||
|
||||
I'm experimenting with the idea of using daily notes
|
||||
as a replacement for most fleeting notes,
|
||||
and as a commentary heavy changelog.
|
||||
+17
-12
@@ -29,9 +29,25 @@ By PDI convention, [[lighting-controls-takeoff]] are generally "Electrical", not
|
||||
|
||||
### Poke-Thru's
|
||||
|
||||
## Homeruns
|
||||
|
||||
### Lighting
|
||||
|
||||
Takeoff homeruns in Building breakdowns,
|
||||
even serving Amenity spaces.
|
||||
|
||||
> [!info] Breakdowns
|
||||
> * `Area` = "... Building"
|
||||
> * `System` = "Building - BOH ..."
|
||||
|
||||
## Mechanical Connections
|
||||
|
||||
`COMMON ASSEMBLIES`/`MECHANICAL CONNECTIONS ...`/
|
||||
`COMMON ASSEMBLIES`/`MECHANICAL CONNECTIONS ...`/...
|
||||
|
||||
### Stair Pressurization Fans
|
||||
|
||||
Assume branch circuit conductors must be protected
|
||||
per [[fire-resistive-wiring-methods-takeoff]].
|
||||
|
||||
### Roof Mounted Equipment
|
||||
|
||||
@@ -71,14 +87,3 @@ Equipment Racks: Max 20 disconnects per rack
|
||||
* Uncheck Link 'Enable Livecount'
|
||||
* Takeoff in Typical
|
||||
* Length = average floor to floor height
|
||||
|
||||
## Homeruns
|
||||
|
||||
### Lighting
|
||||
|
||||
Takeoff homeruns in Building breakdowns,
|
||||
even serving Amenity spaces.
|
||||
|
||||
> [!info] Breakdowns
|
||||
> * `Area` = "... Building"
|
||||
> * `System` = "Building - BOH ..."
|
||||
|
||||
@@ -0,0 +1,23 @@
|
||||
---
|
||||
id:
|
||||
aliases: []
|
||||
tags:
|
||||
- authorship/original
|
||||
- destiny/permanent
|
||||
- occupational/takeoff/electrical
|
||||
- status/draft
|
||||
- type/guide
|
||||
title: Fire Resistive Wiring Methods Takeoff
|
||||
---
|
||||
# Fire Resistive Wiring Methods Takeoff
|
||||
|
||||
> [!important]
|
||||
> This note is intended to be accurate first to PDI takeoff procedure
|
||||
> see [[fire-resistive-wiring-methods]] for accuracy to reality.
|
||||
|
||||
For circuits requiring fire protection,
|
||||
it may be acceptable to assume a rated chase,
|
||||
or concrete-encasement can fulfill this requirement.
|
||||
|
||||
If "Lifeline" (cable-in-conduit) cable is used,
|
||||
utilize EMT-Comp assemblies.
|
||||
@@ -0,0 +1,37 @@
|
||||
---
|
||||
id:
|
||||
aliases: []
|
||||
tags: []
|
||||
title: Fire Resistive Wiring Methods
|
||||
---
|
||||
# Fire Resistive Wiring Methods
|
||||
|
||||
## Requirements
|
||||
|
||||
Permitted methods for fire protection of emergency feeders
|
||||
are specified in 700.10(D)(1).
|
||||
|
||||
![[nfpa-70_700_emergency-systems#700.10(D)(2) Feeder-Circuit Wiring.]]
|
||||
|
||||
the requirements of which only apply to occupancies listed in 700.10(D)(1)
|
||||
|
||||
![[nfpa-70_700_emergency-systems#700.10(D)(1) Occupancies.]]
|
||||
|
||||
Note that even in these occupancies only [[nfpa-70_100_definitions#Feeder.|feeders]]
|
||||
require fire protection, not [[nfpa-70_100_definitions#Branch Circuit.|branch circuits]].
|
||||
|
||||
## Construction
|
||||
|
||||
> [!info] Keywords
|
||||
> * Low Smoke Zero Halogen (LSZH)
|
||||
|
||||
|
||||
* Mineral Insulated (MI) Cable
|
||||
* Fire Resistive Metal-Clad (MC) Cable
|
||||
* Fire Resistive Cable-in-Conduit (CIC)
|
||||
|
||||
> [!info] "Vitalink" vs "Lifeline" cable
|
||||
> VITALink® and Lifeline® are brand names
|
||||
> (of Omni Cable and Prysmian Group respectively),
|
||||
> not cable types.
|
||||
> *Both* brands include MC *and* CIC cables.
|
||||
+17
-10
@@ -2,11 +2,11 @@
|
||||
id:
|
||||
aliases: []
|
||||
tags:
|
||||
- authorship/original
|
||||
- destiny/permanent
|
||||
- occupational/takeoff/fixtures
|
||||
- status/draft
|
||||
- type/guide
|
||||
- authorship/original
|
||||
title: Fixture Designations
|
||||
---
|
||||
# Fixture Designations
|
||||
@@ -45,14 +45,14 @@ Use empty designations to separate phases.
|
||||
|
||||
## Fixture Labor
|
||||
|
||||
| Fixture Type | Labor |
|
||||
|:------------ | -----------:|
|
||||
| Paddle Fan | 1.5 hr/ea. |
|
||||
| Pendant | 1-4 hr/ea. |
|
||||
| Strip/Cove | 0.5 hr/6ft |
|
||||
| Site Poles | 1.5 hr/ea. |
|
||||
| Festoon | 2.0 hr/ea. |
|
||||
| All Others | 1.0 hr/ea. |
|
||||
| Fixture Type | Labor |
|
||||
|:------------ | ----------:|
|
||||
| Paddle Fan | 1.5 hr/ea. |
|
||||
| Pendant | 1-4 hr/ea. |
|
||||
| Strip/Cove | 0.5 hr/6ft |
|
||||
| Site Poles | 1.5 hr/ea. |
|
||||
| Festoon | 2.0 hr/ea. |
|
||||
| All Others | 1.0 hr/ea. |
|
||||
|
||||
## Fixture Branch Length
|
||||
|
||||
@@ -78,7 +78,7 @@ Reduce as appropriate.
|
||||
| -------------- | --------- |
|
||||
| Site/Courtyard | #10 |
|
||||
| Garage | #10 |
|
||||
| NM Cable | #14[^1] |
|
||||
| NM Cable | #14[^1] |
|
||||
| All Others | #12 |
|
||||
|
||||
[^1]: Minimum #12 in kitchens and bathrooms.
|
||||
@@ -90,8 +90,11 @@ Reduce as appropriate.
|
||||
Use ENT assemblies unless forbidden by spec.
|
||||
|
||||
`FIXTURE ACCESSORIES`/`PVC/ENT ASSEMBLIES`/`GARAGE FIXTURE ENT W/#10 - STEEL OCT RING`
|
||||
|
||||
`FIXTURE ACCESSORIES`/`PVC/ENT ASSEMBLIES`/`GARAGE FIXTURE W/T ROD ENT W/#10 - STEEL OCT RING`
|
||||
|
||||
Use threaded rod assemblies in I-beam/precast garages.
|
||||
|
||||
If PVC is required, use following assemblies:
|
||||
|
||||
| Case | Assembly Path |
|
||||
@@ -142,6 +145,10 @@ and change `Fct 1` to match the calculated labor
|
||||
> (usually measured in millimeters).
|
||||
> Max power length is usually 5000-15000mm (~16-49ft)
|
||||
> depending on luminous output and voltage.
|
||||
>
|
||||
> A reasonable [[heuristics|rule of thumb]] is
|
||||
> * _12V strips:_ 5m (16.4ft)
|
||||
> * _24V strips:_ 10m (32.8ft)
|
||||
|
||||
Separate these fixtures by labor, not length
|
||||
|
||||
|
||||
@@ -25,6 +25,9 @@ title: Full Takeoff
|
||||
|
||||
### 2. Takeoff
|
||||
|
||||
> [!important] Disclaimer
|
||||
> [[takeoff-strategy-comparison]]
|
||||
|
||||
#### Stage 1
|
||||
|
||||
1. [[feeders-takeoff]]
|
||||
|
||||
+2
-2
@@ -33,8 +33,8 @@ Such issues are usually VE'd out of scope before award.
|
||||
It often goes that projects are designed in gold,
|
||||
but built in cardboard.
|
||||
|
||||
Clients tend to want the highest end--
|
||||
and design firms are incentivized to provide--
|
||||
Clients tend to want the highest end---
|
||||
and design firms are incentivized to provide---
|
||||
but seeing the bill tends to reorganize priorities.
|
||||
|
||||
For some owners, though, money is no object,
|
||||
|
||||
@@ -0,0 +1,25 @@
|
||||
---
|
||||
id:
|
||||
aliases:
|
||||
- rule-of-thumb
|
||||
tags:
|
||||
- authorship/original
|
||||
- status/incomplete
|
||||
- type/encyclopedia
|
||||
title: Heuristics
|
||||
---
|
||||
# Heuristics
|
||||
|
||||
A heuristic, or "rule of thumb", is a solution
|
||||
that neglects some of a problem's complexity,
|
||||
while still producing a satisfactory result.
|
||||
|
||||
The namesake rule of the rule of thumb
|
||||
is that the width of one's thumb is about an inch.
|
||||
With that heuristic,
|
||||
one can closely approximate small dimensions
|
||||
even without the proper tools.
|
||||
|
||||
## See Also
|
||||
|
||||
[[realism-vs-instrumentalism]]
|
||||
+1
-1
@@ -21,7 +21,7 @@ title: My Occupation
|
||||
|
||||
## Achievements
|
||||
|
||||
* [[90-day-performance-review]]
|
||||
* [[pdi-90-day-performance-review]]
|
||||
|
||||
%%
|
||||
|
||||
|
||||
+32
-32
@@ -5,13 +5,13 @@ aliases:
|
||||
tags:
|
||||
- authorship/other
|
||||
- destiny/uncertain
|
||||
- exclude-from-word-count
|
||||
- status/incomplete
|
||||
- topic/construction/electrical
|
||||
- type/media
|
||||
- exclude-from-word-count
|
||||
title: "NEC Article 100: Definitions"
|
||||
title: Article 100 Definitions
|
||||
---
|
||||
# NEC Article 100: Definitions
|
||||
# Article 100 Definitions
|
||||
|
||||
**Scope.**
|
||||
This article contains only those definitions essential to the application of this _Code_.
|
||||
@@ -243,7 +243,7 @@ A cable containing optical fibers and current-carrying electrical conductors.
|
||||
|
||||
### Cable, Optical Fiber, Conductive.
|
||||
|
||||
A factory assembly of one or more optical fibers having an overall covering and containing non–current-carrying conductive member(s) such as metallic strength member(s), metallic vapor barrier(s), metallic armor, or metallic sheath.
|
||||
A factory assembly of one or more optical fibers having an overall covering and containing non--current-carrying conductive member(s) such as metallic strength member(s), metallic vapor barrier(s), metallic armor, or metallic sheath.
|
||||
(CMP-16)
|
||||
|
||||
### Cable, Optical Fiber, Nonconductive.
|
||||
@@ -516,7 +516,7 @@ Systems of illumination utilizing fluorescent lamps, high-intensity discharge (H
|
||||
|
||||
### Electronically Actuated Fuse.
|
||||
|
||||
An overcurrent protective device that generally consists of a control module that provides current-sensing, electronically derived time– current characteristics, energy to initiate tripping, and an interrupting module that interrupts current when an overcurrent occurs.
|
||||
An overcurrent protective device that generally consists of a control module that provides current-sensing, electronically derived time-- current characteristics, energy to initiate tripping, and an interrupting module that interrupts current when an overcurrent occurs.
|
||||
Such fuses may or may not operate in a current-limiting fashion, depending on the type of control selected.
|
||||
(CMP-10)
|
||||
|
||||
@@ -647,7 +647,7 @@ The earth.
|
||||
|
||||
### Ground Fault.
|
||||
|
||||
An unintentional, electrically conductive connection between an ungrounded conductor of an electrical circuit and the normally non– current-carrying conductors, metallic enclosures, metallic raceways, metallic equipment, or earth.
|
||||
An unintentional, electrically conductive connection between an ungrounded conductor of an electrical circuit and the normally non-- current-carrying conductors, metallic enclosures, metallic raceways, metallic equipment, or earth.
|
||||
(CMP-5)
|
||||
|
||||
### Grounded (Grounding).
|
||||
@@ -678,7 +678,7 @@ Class A ground-fault circuit interrupters trip when the ground-fault current is
|
||||
|
||||
### Ground-Fault Current Path.
|
||||
|
||||
An electrically conductive path from the point of a ground fault on a wiring system through normally non–current-carrying conductors, grounded conductors, equipment, or the earth to the electrical supply source.
|
||||
An electrically conductive path from the point of a ground fault on a wiring system through normally non--current-carrying conductors, grounded conductors, equipment, or the earth to the electrical supply source.
|
||||
(CMP-5)
|
||||
|
||||
Informational Note:
|
||||
@@ -692,7 +692,7 @@ This protection is provided at current levels less than those required to protec
|
||||
|
||||
### Grounding Conductor, Equipment (EGC).
|
||||
|
||||
A conductive path(s) that is part of an effective ground-fault current path and connects normally non–current-carrying metal parts of equipment together and to the system grounded conductor or to the grounding electrode conductor, or both.
|
||||
A conductive path(s) that is part of an effective ground-fault current path and connects normally non--current-carrying metal parts of equipment together and to the system grounded conductor or to the grounding electrode conductor, or both.
|
||||
(CMP-5)
|
||||
|
||||
Informational Note No. 1:
|
||||
@@ -786,7 +786,7 @@ Equipment and systems rated 1000 volts or less, normally found in offices or oth
|
||||
(CMP-12)
|
||||
|
||||
Informational Note:
|
||||
For information on listing requirements for both information technology equipment and communications equipment, see UL 60950-1-2014, _Information Technology Equipment — Safety — Part 1: General Requirements_ or UL 62368-1-2014, _Audio/Video Information and Communication Technology Equipment Part 1: Safety Requirements_.
|
||||
For information on listing requirements for both information technology equipment and communications equipment, see UL 60950-1-2014, _Information Technology Equipment --- Safety --- Part 1: General Requirements_ or UL 62368-1-2014, _Audio/Video Information and Communication Technology Equipment Part 1: Safety Requirements_.
|
||||
|
||||
### Information Technology Equipment Room.
|
||||
|
||||
@@ -1355,7 +1355,7 @@ Access to the interior of the enclosure is provided by doors, removable covers,
|
||||
|
||||
Informational Note:
|
||||
All switchgear subject to _NEC_ requirements is metal enclosed.
|
||||
Switchgear rated below 1000 V or less may be identified as "low-voltage power circuit breaker switchgear." Switchgear rated over 1000 V may be identified as "metal-enclosed switchgear" or "metal-clad switchgear." Switchgear is available in non–arc-resistant or arc-resistant constructions.
|
||||
Switchgear rated below 1000 V or less may be identified as "low-voltage power circuit breaker switchgear." Switchgear rated over 1000 V may be identified as "metal-enclosed switchgear" or "metal-clad switchgear." Switchgear is available in non--arc-resistant or arc-resistant constructions.
|
||||
|
||||
### Thermal Protector (as applied to motors).
|
||||
|
||||
@@ -1433,7 +1433,7 @@ Rainproof, raintight, or watertight equipment can fulfill the requirements for w
|
||||
|
||||
### Electronically Actuated Fuse.
|
||||
|
||||
An overcurrent protective device that generally consists of a control module that provides current sensing, electronically derived time– current characteristics, energy to initiate tripping, and an interrupting module that interrupts current when an overcurrent occurs.
|
||||
An overcurrent protective device that generally consists of a control module that provides current sensing, electronically derived time-- current characteristics, energy to initiate tripping, and an interrupting module that interrupts current when an overcurrent occurs.
|
||||
Electronically actuated fuses may or may not operate in a current-limiting fashion, depending on the type of control selected.
|
||||
(CMP-10)
|
||||
|
||||
@@ -1554,7 +1554,7 @@ Associated nonincendive field wiring apparatus has designated associated nonince
|
||||
Dust particles that are 500 microns or smaller (i.e., material passing a U.S. No. 35 Standard Sieve as defined in ASTM E11-2015, _Standard Specification for Woven Wire Test Sieve Cloth and Test Sieves_), and present a fire or explosion hazard when dispersed and ignited in air.
|
||||
|
||||
Informational Note:
|
||||
See ASTM E1226-2012a, _Standard Test Method for Explosibility of Dust Clouds_, or ISO 6184-1, _Explosion protection systems — Part 1: Determination of explosion indices of combustible dusts in air_, for procedures for determining the explosibility of dusts.
|
||||
See ASTM E1226-2012a, _Standard Test Method for Explosibility of Dust Clouds_, or ISO 6184-1, _Explosion protection systems --- Part 1: Determination of explosion indices of combustible dusts in air_, for procedures for determining the explosibility of dusts.
|
||||
|
||||
### Combustible Gas Detection System.
|
||||
|
||||
@@ -1597,14 +1597,14 @@ Enclosure Types 3, 3X, 3S, 3SX, 4, 4X, 5, 6, 6P, 12, 12K, and 13, per NEMA 250-2
|
||||
Type of protection for the purpose of producing heat on the principle of electrical resistance and typically composed of one or more metallic conductors and/or an electrically conductive material, suitably electrically insulated and protected.
|
||||
|
||||
Informational Note:
|
||||
See ANSI/UL 60079-30-1-2017, _Explosive Atmospheres — Part 30-1: Electrical Resistance Trace Heating — General and Testing Requirements_.
|
||||
See ANSI/UL 60079-30-1-2017, _Explosive Atmospheres --- Part 30-1: Electrical Resistance Trace Heating --- General and Testing Requirements_.
|
||||
|
||||
### Encapsulation "m".
|
||||
|
||||
Type of protection where electrical parts that could ignite an explosive atmosphere by either sparking or heating are enclosed in a compound in such a way that this explosive atmosphere cannot be ignited.
|
||||
|
||||
Informational Note:
|
||||
See ANSI/UL 60079-18-2015, _Explosive atmospheres — Part 18: Equipment protection by encapsulation "m"._
|
||||
See ANSI/UL 60079-18-2015, _Explosive atmospheres --- Part 18: Equipment protection by encapsulation "m"._
|
||||
|
||||
### Explosionproof Equipment.
|
||||
|
||||
@@ -1623,7 +1623,7 @@ Type of protection where the enclosure will withstand an internal explosion of a
|
||||
without suffering damage and without causing ignition, through any joints or structural openings in the enclosure of an external explosive gas atmosphere consisting of one or more of the gases or vapors for which it is designed.
|
||||
|
||||
Informational Note:
|
||||
See ANSI/UL 60079-1-2015, _Explosive Atmospheres — Part 1: Equipment Protection by Flameproof Enclosures "d"._
|
||||
See ANSI/UL 60079-1-2015, _Explosive Atmospheres --- Part 1: Equipment Protection by Flameproof Enclosures "d"._
|
||||
|
||||
### Hermetically Sealed.
|
||||
|
||||
@@ -1637,21 +1637,21 @@ For further information, see ANSI/ISA-12.12.01-2013, _Nonincendive Electrical Eq
|
||||
Type of protection applied to electrical equipment that does not produce arcs or sparks in normal service and under specified abnormal conditions, in which additional measures are applied so as to give increased security against the possibility of excessive temperatures and of the occurrence of arcs and sparks.
|
||||
|
||||
Informational Note:
|
||||
See ANSI/UL 60079-7–2017, _Explosive Atmospheres — Part 7: Equipment Protection by Increased Safety "e"._
|
||||
See ANSI/UL 60079-7--2017, _Explosive Atmospheres --- Part 7: Equipment Protection by Increased Safety "e"._
|
||||
|
||||
### Inherently Safe Optical Radiation "op is".
|
||||
|
||||
Type of protection to minimize the risk of ignition in explosive atmospheres from optical radiation where visible or infrared radiation is incapable of producing sufficient energy under normal or specified fault conditions to ignite a specific explosive atmosphere.
|
||||
|
||||
Informational Note:
|
||||
See ANSI/UL 60079-28-2017, _Explosive Atmospheres — Part 28: Protection of Equipment and Transmission Systems Using Optical Radiation_.
|
||||
See ANSI/UL 60079-28-2017, _Explosive Atmospheres --- Part 28: Protection of Equipment and Transmission Systems Using Optical Radiation_.
|
||||
|
||||
### Intrinsic Safety "i".
|
||||
|
||||
Type of protection where any spark or thermal effect is incapable of causing ignition of a mixture of flammable or combustible material in air under prescribed test conditions.
|
||||
|
||||
Informational Note:
|
||||
See UL 913-2015, _Intrinsically Safe Apparatus and Associated Apparatus for Use in Class I, II, and III, Division 1 Hazardous (Classified) Locations_; and ANSI/UL 60079-11-2013, _Explosive Atmospheres — Part 11: Equipment protection by intrinsic safety "i"._
|
||||
See UL 913-2015, _Intrinsically Safe Apparatus and Associated Apparatus for Use in Class I, II, and III, Division 1 Hazardous (Classified) Locations_; and ANSI/UL 60079-11-2013, _Explosive Atmospheres --- Part 11: Equipment protection by intrinsic safety "i"._
|
||||
|
||||
### Intrinsically Safe Apparatus.
|
||||
|
||||
@@ -1683,7 +1683,7 @@ See Section 14.3 of NFPA 33, _Standard for Spray Application Using Flammable or
|
||||
Type of protection where electrical equipment is immersed in a protective liquid in such a way that an explosive atmosphere that may be above the liquid or outside the enclosure cannot be ignited.
|
||||
|
||||
Informational Note:
|
||||
See ANSI/UL 60079-6-2016, _Explosive Atmospheres — Part 6: Equipment protection by liquid immersion "o"._
|
||||
See ANSI/UL 60079-6-2016, _Explosive Atmospheres --- Part 6: Equipment protection by liquid immersion "o"._
|
||||
|
||||
### Major Repair Garage.
|
||||
|
||||
@@ -1713,14 +1713,14 @@ Refer to Articles 510 and 511 with respect to electrical wiring and equipment fo
|
||||
|
||||
### Nonincendive Circuit.
|
||||
|
||||
A circuit, other than field wiring, in which any arc or thermal effect produced under intended operating conditions of the equipment, is not capable, under specified test conditions, of igniting the flammable gas–air, vapor–air, or dust–air mixture.
|
||||
A circuit, other than field wiring, in which any arc or thermal effect produced under intended operating conditions of the equipment, is not capable, under specified test conditions, of igniting the flammable gas--air, vapor--air, or dust--air mixture.
|
||||
|
||||
Informational Note:
|
||||
Conditions are described in ANSI/ISA-12.12.01-2013, _Nonincendive Electrical Equipment for Use in Class I and II, Division 2, and Class III, Divisions 1 and 2 Hazardous (Classified) Locations_.
|
||||
|
||||
### Nonincendive Component.
|
||||
|
||||
A component having contacts for making or breaking an incendive circuit and the contacting mechanism is constructed so that the component is incapable of igniting the specified flammable gas–air or vapor–air mixture.
|
||||
A component having contacts for making or breaking an incendive circuit and the contacting mechanism is constructed so that the component is incapable of igniting the specified flammable gas--air or vapor--air mixture.
|
||||
The housing of a nonincendive component is not intended to exclude the flammable atmosphere or contain an explosion.
|
||||
|
||||
Informational Note:
|
||||
@@ -1728,14 +1728,14 @@ For further information, see ANSI/ISA-12.12.01-2013, _Nonincendive Electrical Eq
|
||||
|
||||
### Nonincendive Equipment.
|
||||
|
||||
Equipment having electrical/electronic circuitry that is incapable, under normal operating conditions, of causing ignition of a specified flammable gas–air, vapor–air, or dust–air mixture due to arcing or thermal means.
|
||||
Equipment having electrical/electronic circuitry that is incapable, under normal operating conditions, of causing ignition of a specified flammable gas--air, vapor--air, or dust--air mixture due to arcing or thermal means.
|
||||
|
||||
Informational Note:
|
||||
For further information, see ANSI/ISA-12.12.01-2013, _Nonincendive Electrical Equipment for Use in Class I and II, Division 2, and Class III, Divisions 1 and 2 Hazardous (Classified) Locations_.
|
||||
|
||||
### Nonincendive Field Wiring.
|
||||
|
||||
Wiring that enters or leaves an equipment enclosure and, under normal operating conditions of the equipment, is not capable, due to arcing or thermal effects, of igniting the flammable gas–air, vapor–air, or dust–air mixture.
|
||||
Wiring that enters or leaves an equipment enclosure and, under normal operating conditions of the equipment, is not capable, due to arcing or thermal effects, of igniting the flammable gas--air, vapor--air, or dust--air mixture.
|
||||
Normal operation includes opening, shorting, or grounding the field wiring.
|
||||
|
||||
### Nonincendive Field Wiring Apparatus.
|
||||
@@ -1754,14 +1754,14 @@ Electrical equipment immersed in a protective liquid in such a way that an explo
|
||||
Electromagnetic radiation at wavelengths in vacuum between the region of transition to X-rays and the region of transition to radio waves, that is approximately between 1 nm and 1000 μm.
|
||||
|
||||
Informational Note:
|
||||
For additional information on types of protection that can be applied to minimize the risk of ignition in explosive atmospheres from optical radiation in the wavelength range from 380 nm to 10 μm, see ANSI/UL 60079-28-2017, _Explosive Atmospheres — Part 28: Protection of Equipment and Transmission Systems Using Optical Radiation_.
|
||||
For additional information on types of protection that can be applied to minimize the risk of ignition in explosive atmospheres from optical radiation in the wavelength range from 380 nm to 10 μm, see ANSI/UL 60079-28-2017, _Explosive Atmospheres --- Part 28: Protection of Equipment and Transmission Systems Using Optical Radiation_.
|
||||
|
||||
### Optical System With Interlock "op sh".
|
||||
|
||||
Type of protection to minimize the risk of ignition in explosive atmospheres from optical radiation where visible or infrared radiation is confined inside optical fiber or other transmission medium with interlock cut-off provided to reliably reduce the unconfined beam strength to safe levels within a specified time in case the confinement fails and the radiation becomes unconfined.
|
||||
|
||||
Informational Note:
|
||||
See ANSI/UL 60079-28-2017, _Explosive Atmospheres — Part 28: Protection of Equipment and Transmission Systems Using Optical Radiation_.
|
||||
See ANSI/UL 60079-28-2017, _Explosive Atmospheres --- Part 28: Protection of Equipment and Transmission Systems Using Optical Radiation_.
|
||||
|
||||
### Outdoor Spray Area.
|
||||
|
||||
@@ -1777,7 +1777,7 @@ Equipment with electrical components suitable to be moved by a single person wit
|
||||
Type of protection where electrical parts capable of igniting an explosive atmosphere are fixed in position and completely surrounded by filling material (glass or quartz powder) to prevent the ignition of an external explosive atmosphere.
|
||||
|
||||
Informational Note:
|
||||
See ANSI/UL 60079-5-2016, _Explosive Atmospheres — Part 5: Equipment protection by powder filling "q"._
|
||||
See ANSI/UL 60079-5-2016, _Explosive Atmospheres --- Part 5: Equipment protection by powder filling "q"._
|
||||
|
||||
### Pressurized.
|
||||
|
||||
@@ -1788,7 +1788,7 @@ The process of supplying an enclosure with a protective gas with or without cont
|
||||
Type of protection for electrical equipment that uses the technique of guarding against the ingress of the external atmosphere, which may be explosive, into an enclosure by maintaining a protective gas therein at a pressure above that of the external atmosphere.
|
||||
|
||||
Informational Note:
|
||||
See ANSI/UL-60079-2-2017, _Explosive Atmospheres — Part 2: Equipment protection by pressurized enclosures "p"._
|
||||
See ANSI/UL-60079-2-2017, _Explosive Atmospheres --- Part 2: Equipment protection by pressurized enclosures "p"._
|
||||
|
||||
### Process Seal.
|
||||
|
||||
@@ -1799,21 +1799,21 @@ A seal between electrical systems and flammable or combustible process fluids wh
|
||||
Optical fiber cable protected from releasing optical radiation into the atmosphere during normal operating conditions and foreseeable malfunctions by additional armoring, conduit, cable tray, or raceway.
|
||||
|
||||
Informational Note:
|
||||
See ANSI/UL 60079-28-2017, _Explosive Atmospheres — Part 28: Protection of Equipment and Transmission Systems Using Optical Radiation_.
|
||||
See ANSI/UL 60079-28-2017, _Explosive Atmospheres --- Part 28: Protection of Equipment and Transmission Systems Using Optical Radiation_.
|
||||
|
||||
### Protected Optical Radiation "op pr".
|
||||
|
||||
Type of protection to minimize the risk of ignition in explosive atmospheres from optical radiation where visible or infrared radiation is confined inside optical fiber or other transmission medium under normal constructions or constructions with additional mechanical protection based on the assumption that there is no escape of radiation from the confinement.
|
||||
|
||||
Informational Note:
|
||||
See ANSI/UL 60079-28-2017, _Explosive Atmospheres — Part 28: Protection of Equipment and Transmission Systems Using Optical Radiation_.
|
||||
See ANSI/UL 60079-28-2017, _Explosive Atmospheres --- Part 28: Protection of Equipment and Transmission Systems Using Optical Radiation_.
|
||||
|
||||
### Protection by Enclosure "t".
|
||||
|
||||
Type of protection for explosive dust atmospheres where electrical equipment is provided with an enclosure providing dust ingress protection and a means to limit surface temperatures.
|
||||
|
||||
Informational Note:
|
||||
For additional information, see ANSI/UL 60079-31-2015, _Explosive Atmospheres — Part 31: Equipment Dust Ignition Protection by Enclosure "t"._
|
||||
For additional information, see ANSI/UL 60079-31-2015, _Explosive Atmospheres --- Part 31: Equipment Dust Ignition Protection by Enclosure "t"._
|
||||
|
||||
### Purged and Pressurized.
|
||||
|
||||
@@ -1834,7 +1834,7 @@ The following apparatus are examples of simple apparatus:
|
||||
3. Sources of generated energy; for example, thermocouples and photocells, that do not generate more than 1.5 volts, 100 mA, and 25 mW
|
||||
|
||||
Informational Note No. 2:
|
||||
For further information, refer to ANSI/UL 913-2013, _Intrinsically Safe Apparatus and Associated Apparatus for Use in Class I, II, III, Division 1, Hazardous (Classified) Locations_; and ANSI/UL 60079-11-2013, _Explosive Atmospheres — Part 11: Equipment Protection by Intrinsic Safety "i."_
|
||||
For further information, refer to ANSI/UL 913-2013, _Intrinsically Safe Apparatus and Associated Apparatus for Use in Class I, II, III, Division 1, Hazardous (Classified) Locations_; and ANSI/UL 60079-11-2013, _Explosive Atmospheres --- Part 11: Equipment Protection by Intrinsic Safety "i."_
|
||||
|
||||
### Spray Area.
|
||||
|
||||
@@ -1876,7 +1876,7 @@ A power-ventilated fully enclosed room used exclusively for open spraying of fla
|
||||
Type of protection where electrical equipment, in normal operation, is not capable of igniting a surrounding explosive gas atmosphere and a fault capable of causing ignition is not likely to occur.
|
||||
|
||||
Informational Note:
|
||||
See ANSI/UL 60079-15-2013, _Explosive Atmospheres — Part 15: Equipment Protection by Type of Protection "n"._
|
||||
See ANSI/UL 60079-15-2013, _Explosive Atmospheres --- Part 15: Equipment Protection by Type of Protection "n"._
|
||||
|
||||
### Unclassified Locations.
|
||||
|
||||
|
||||
@@ -5,13 +5,13 @@ aliases:
|
||||
tags:
|
||||
- authorship/other
|
||||
- destiny/uncertain
|
||||
- exclude-from-word-count
|
||||
- status/incomplete
|
||||
- topic/construction/electrical
|
||||
- type/media
|
||||
- exclude-from-word-count
|
||||
title: "NEC Article 110: Requirements for Electrical Installations"
|
||||
title: Article 110 Requirements for Electrical Installations
|
||||
---
|
||||
# NEC Article 110: Requirements for Electrical Installations
|
||||
# Article 110 Requirements for Electrical Installations
|
||||
|
||||
## Part I. General
|
||||
|
||||
@@ -171,9 +171,9 @@ Minimum Clear Distance
|
||||
|
||||
| Nominal Voltage to Ground | Condition 1 | Condition 2 | Condition 3 |
|
||||
| ------------------------- | ------------- | ------------------ | ------------- |
|
||||
| 0–150 | 900 mm (3 ft) | 900 mm (3 ft) | 900 mm (3 ft) |
|
||||
| 151–600 | 900 mm (3 ft) | 1.0 m (3 ft 6 in.) | 1.2 m (4 ft) |
|
||||
| 601–1000 | 900 mm (3 ft) | 1.2 m (4 ft) | 1.5 m (5 ft) |
|
||||
| 0--150 | 900 mm (3 ft) | 900 mm (3 ft) | 900 mm (3 ft) |
|
||||
| 151--600 | 900 mm (3 ft) | 1.0 m (3 ft 6 in.) | 1.2 m (4 ft) |
|
||||
| 601--1000 | 900 mm (3 ft) | 1.2 m (4 ft) | 1.5 m (5 ft) |
|
||||
|
||||
Note: Where the conditions are as follows:
|
||||
|
||||
|
||||
@@ -5,13 +5,13 @@ aliases:
|
||||
tags:
|
||||
- authorship/other
|
||||
- destiny/uncertain
|
||||
- exclude-from-word-count
|
||||
- status/incomplete
|
||||
- topic/construction/electrical
|
||||
- type/media
|
||||
- exclude-from-word-count
|
||||
title: "NEC Article 210: Branch Circuits"
|
||||
title: Article 210 Branch Circuits
|
||||
---
|
||||
# NEC Article 210: Branch Circuits
|
||||
# Article 210 Branch Circuits
|
||||
|
||||
## Part I. General Provisions
|
||||
|
||||
@@ -129,7 +129,7 @@ for equipment terminations.
|
||||
the minimum branch-circuit conductor size
|
||||
shall have an ampacity not less than the noncontinuous load
|
||||
plus 125 percent of the continuous load in accordance with
|
||||
[[nfpa-70_310_conductors_for_general_wiring#310.14 Ampacities for Conductors Rated 0 Volts – 2000 Volts.|310.14]].
|
||||
[[nfpa-70_310_conductors_for_general_wiring#310.14 Ampacities for Conductors Rated 0 Volts -- 2000 Volts.|310.14]].
|
||||
|
||||
* (b) The minimum branch-circuit conductor size
|
||||
shall have an ampacity not less than the maximum load to be served
|
||||
|
||||
@@ -5,10 +5,10 @@ aliases:
|
||||
tags:
|
||||
- authorship/other
|
||||
- destiny/uncertain
|
||||
- exclude-from-word-count
|
||||
- status/incomplete
|
||||
- topic/construction/electrical
|
||||
- type/media
|
||||
- exclude-from-word-count
|
||||
title: Article 215 Feeders
|
||||
---
|
||||
# Article 215 Feeders
|
||||
@@ -40,7 +40,7 @@ and shall comply with 110.14(C).
|
||||
shall have an ampacity not less than the maximum load to be served
|
||||
after the application of any adjustment or correction factors
|
||||
in accordance with
|
||||
[[nfpa-70_310_conductors_for_general_wiring#310.14 Ampacities for Conductors Rated 0 Volts – 2000 Volts.|310.14]].
|
||||
[[nfpa-70_310_conductors_for_general_wiring#310.14 Ampacities for Conductors Rated 0 Volts -- 2000 Volts.|310.14]].
|
||||
|
||||
Exception No. 1:
|
||||
If the assembly, including the overcurrent devices protecting the feeder(s),
|
||||
|
||||
@@ -5,10 +5,10 @@ aliases:
|
||||
tags:
|
||||
- authorship/other
|
||||
- destiny/uncertain
|
||||
- exclude-from-word-count
|
||||
- status/incomplete
|
||||
- topic/construction/electrical
|
||||
- type/media
|
||||
- exclude-from-word-count
|
||||
title: Article 220 Branch-Circuit, Feeder, and Service Load Calculations
|
||||
---
|
||||
# Article 220 Branch-Circuit, Feeder, and Service Load Calculations
|
||||
|
||||
@@ -5,13 +5,13 @@ aliases:
|
||||
tags:
|
||||
- authorship/other
|
||||
- destiny/uncertain
|
||||
- exclude-from-word-count
|
||||
- status/incomplete
|
||||
- topic/construction/electrical
|
||||
- type/media
|
||||
- exclude-from-word-count
|
||||
title:
|
||||
title: Article 300 General Requirements for Wiring Methods and Materials
|
||||
---
|
||||
# Article 300: General Requirements for Wiring Methods and Materials
|
||||
# Article 300 General Requirements for Wiring Methods and Materials
|
||||
|
||||
## Part I. General Requirements
|
||||
|
||||
@@ -103,4 +103,4 @@ One of the following methods of support shall be used:
|
||||
|
||||
4. Other approved means.
|
||||
|
||||
<!-- TODO: TEXT OMITTED -->
|
||||
<!-- TODO: TEXT OMITTED -->
|
||||
|
||||
@@ -5,13 +5,13 @@ aliases:
|
||||
tags:
|
||||
- authorship/other
|
||||
- destiny/uncertain
|
||||
- exclude-from-word-count
|
||||
- status/incomplete
|
||||
- topic/construction/electrical
|
||||
- type/media
|
||||
- exclude-from-word-count
|
||||
title: Article 310 Conductors for General Wiring
|
||||
---
|
||||
# Article 310: Conductors for General Wiring
|
||||
# Article 310 Conductors for General Wiring
|
||||
|
||||
## Part I. General
|
||||
|
||||
@@ -64,7 +64,7 @@ or as permitted elsewhere in this Code.
|
||||
|
||||
<!-- TODO: TEXT OMITTED -->
|
||||
|
||||
### 310.14 Ampacities for Conductors Rated 0 Volts – 2000 Volts.
|
||||
### 310.14 Ampacities for Conductors Rated 0 Volts -- 2000 Volts.
|
||||
|
||||
#### 310.14(A) General.
|
||||
|
||||
@@ -202,11 +202,11 @@ shall be counted as a current-carrying conductor.
|
||||
|
||||
| Number of Conductors* | Percent of Values in Table 310.16 Through Table 310.19 as Adjusted for Ambient Temperature if Necessary |
|
||||
| --------------------- | ------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------- |
|
||||
| 4–6 | 80 |
|
||||
| 7–9 | 70 |
|
||||
| 10–20 | 50 |
|
||||
| 21–30 | 45 |
|
||||
| 31–40 | 40 |
|
||||
| 4--6 | 80 |
|
||||
| 7--9 | 70 |
|
||||
| 10--20 | 50 |
|
||||
| 21--30 | 45 |
|
||||
| 31--40 | 40 |
|
||||
| 41 and above | 35 |
|
||||
|
||||
\*Number of conductors is the total number of conductors in the raceway or cable,
|
||||
|
||||
@@ -5,13 +5,13 @@ aliases:
|
||||
tags:
|
||||
- authorship/other
|
||||
- destiny/uncertain
|
||||
- exclude-from-word-count
|
||||
- status/incomplete
|
||||
- topic/construction/electrical
|
||||
- type/media
|
||||
- exclude-from-word-count
|
||||
title: "Article 314: Outlet, Device, Pull, and Junction Boxes; Conduit Bodies; Fittings; and Handhole Enclosures"
|
||||
title: Article 314 Outlet, Device, Pull, and Junction Boxes; Conduit Bodies; Fittings; and Handhole Enclosures
|
||||
---
|
||||
# Article 314: Outlet, Device, Pull, and Junction Boxes; Conduit Bodies; Fittings; and Handhole Enclosures
|
||||
# Article 314 Outlet, Device, Pull, and Junction Boxes; Conduit Bodies; Fittings; and Handhole Enclosures
|
||||
|
||||
## Part I. Scope and General
|
||||
|
||||
|
||||
@@ -0,0 +1,159 @@
|
||||
---
|
||||
id:
|
||||
aliases:
|
||||
- nec-320
|
||||
tags:
|
||||
- authorship/other
|
||||
- destiny/uncertain
|
||||
- exclude-from-word-count
|
||||
- status/incomplete
|
||||
- topic/construction/electrical
|
||||
- type/media
|
||||
title: "Article 320 Armored Cable: Type AC"
|
||||
---
|
||||
# Article 320 Armored Cable: Type AC
|
||||
|
||||
## Part I. General
|
||||
|
||||
### 320.1 Scope.
|
||||
|
||||
This article covers the use, installation, and construction specifications for armored cable, Type AC.
|
||||
|
||||
### 320.2 Definition.
|
||||
|
||||
The definition in this section shall apply within this article and throughout the Code.
|
||||
Armored Cable, Type AC.
|
||||
A fabricated assembly of insulated conductors in a flexible interlocked metallic armor. See 320.100.
|
||||
|
||||
### 320.6 Listing Requirements.
|
||||
|
||||
Type AC cable and associated fittings shall be listed.
|
||||
|
||||
## Part II. Installation
|
||||
|
||||
### 320.10 Uses Permitted.
|
||||
|
||||
Type AC cable shall be permitted as follows:
|
||||
|
||||
1. For feeders and branch circuits in both exposed and concealed installations
|
||||
2. In cable trays
|
||||
3. In dry locations
|
||||
4. Embedded in plaster finish on brick or other masonry, except in damp or wet locations
|
||||
5. To be run or fished in the air voids of masonry block or tile walls where such walls are not exposed or subject to excessive moisture or dampness
|
||||
|
||||
Informational Note: The "Uses Permitted" is not an all-inclusive list.
|
||||
|
||||
### 320.12 Uses Not Permitted.
|
||||
|
||||
Type AC cable shall not be used as follows:
|
||||
1. Where subject to physical damage
|
||||
2. In damp or wet locations
|
||||
3. In air voids of masonry block or tile walls where such walls are exposed or subject to excessive moisture or dampness
|
||||
4. Where exposed to corrosive conditions
|
||||
5. Embedded in plaster finish on brick or other masonry in damp or wet locations
|
||||
|
||||
### 320.15 Exposed Work.
|
||||
|
||||
Exposed runs of cable, except as provided in 300.11(B), shall closely follow the surface of the building finish or of running boards.
|
||||
Exposed runs shall also be permitted to be installed on the underside of joists where supported at each joist and located so as not to be
|
||||
subject to physical damage.
|
||||
|
||||
### 320.17 Through or Parallel to Framing Members.
|
||||
|
||||
Type AC cable shall be protected in accordance with 300.4(A), (C), and (D) where installed through or parallel to framing members.
|
||||
|
||||
### 320.23 In Accessible Attics.
|
||||
|
||||
Type AC cables in accessible attics or roof spaces shall be installed as specified in 320.23(A) and (B).
|
||||
|
||||
#### 320.23(A) Cables Run Across the Top of Floor Joists.
|
||||
|
||||
Where run across the top of floor joists, or within 2.1 m (7 ft) of the floor or floor joists across the face of rafters or studding, the cable
|
||||
shall be protected by guard strips that are at least as high as the cable. Where this space is not accessible by permanently instal led
|
||||
stairs or ladders, protection shall only be required within 1.8 m (6 ft) of the nearest edge of the scuttle hole or attic entrance.
|
||||
|
||||
#### 320.23(B) Cable Installed Parallel to Framing Members.
|
||||
|
||||
Where the cable is installed parallel to the sides of rafters, studs, or ceiling or floor joists, neither guard strips nor running boards shall
|
||||
be required, and the installation shall also comply with 300.4(D).
|
||||
|
||||
### 320.24 Bending Radius.
|
||||
|
||||
Bends in Type AC cable shall be made such that the cable is not damaged. The radius of the curve of the inner edge of any bend shall
|
||||
not be less than five times the diameter of the Type AC cable.
|
||||
|
||||
### 320.30 Securing and Supporting.
|
||||
|
||||
#### 320.30(A) General.
|
||||
|
||||
Type AC cable shall be supported and secured by staples; cable ties listed and identified for securement and support; straps, hangers,
|
||||
or similar fittings; or other approved means designed and installed so as not to damage the cable.
|
||||
|
||||
#### 320.30(B) Securing.
|
||||
|
||||
Unless otherwise permitted, Type AC cable shall be secured within 300 mm (12 in.) of every outlet box, junction box, cabinet, or fitting
|
||||
and at intervals not exceeding 1.4 m (41⁄ 2 ft).
|
||||
|
||||
#### 320.30(C) Supporting.
|
||||
|
||||
Unless otherwise permitted, Type AC cable shall be supported at intervals not exceeding 1.4 m (41⁄ 2 ft).
|
||||
Horizontal runs of Type AC cable installed in wooden or metal framing members or similar supporting means shall be considered
|
||||
supported and secured where such support does not exceed 1.4 m (41⁄ 2 ft) intervals.
|
||||
|
||||
#### 320.30(D) Unsupported Cables.
|
||||
|
||||
Type AC cable shall be permitted to be unsupported and unsecured where the cable complies with any of the following:
|
||||
1. Is fished between access points through concealed spaces in finished buildings or structures and supporting is impracticable
|
||||
2. Is not more than 600 mm (2 ft) in length at terminals where flexibility is necessary
|
||||
3. Is not more than 1.8 m (6 ft) in length from the last point of cable support to the point of connection to a luminaire(s) or other
|
||||
electrical equipment and the cable and point of connection are within an accessible ceiling
|
||||
For the purposes of this section, Type AC cable fittings shall be permitted as a means of cable support.
|
||||
|
||||
### 320.40 Boxes and Fittings.
|
||||
|
||||
At all points where the armor of AC cable terminates, a fitting shall be provided to protect wires from abrasion, unless the design of the
|
||||
outlet boxes or fittings is such as to afford equivalent protection, and, in addition, an insulating bushing or its equivalent protection shall
|
||||
be provided between the conductors and the armor. The connector or clamp by which the Type AC cable is fastened to boxes or
|
||||
cabinets shall be of such design that the insulating bushing or its equivalent will be visible for inspection. Where change is made from
|
||||
Type AC cable to other cable or raceway wiring methods, a box, fitting, or conduit body shall be installed at junction points as required
|
||||
in 300.15.
|
||||
|
||||
### 320.80 Ampacity.
|
||||
|
||||
The ampacity shall be determined in accordance with 310.14.
|
||||
|
||||
#### 320.80(A) Thermal Insulation.
|
||||
|
||||
Armored cable installed in thermal insulation shall have conductors rated at 90°C (194°F). The ampacity of cable installed in these
|
||||
applications shall not exceed that of a 60°C (140°F) rated conductor. The 90°C (194°F) rating shall be permitted to be used for
|
||||
ampacity adjustment and correction calculations; however, the ampacity shall not exceed that of a 60°C (140°F) rated conductor.
|
||||
Where more than two Type AC cables containing two or more current-carrying conductors in each cable are installed in contact with
|
||||
thermal insulation, caulk, or sealing foam without maintaining spacing between cables, the ampacity of each conductor shall be
|
||||
adjusted in accordance with Table 310.15(C)(1).
|
||||
|
||||
#### 320.80(B) Cable Tray.
|
||||
|
||||
The ampacity of Type AC cable installed in cable tray shall be determined in accordance with 392.80(A).
|
||||
|
||||
## Part III. Construction Specifications
|
||||
|
||||
### 320.100 Construction.
|
||||
|
||||
Type AC cable shall have an armor of flexible metal tape and shall have an internal bonding strip of copper or aluminum in intimate
|
||||
contact with the armor for its entire length.
|
||||
|
||||
### 320.104 Conductors.
|
||||
|
||||
Insulated conductors shall be of a type listed in Table 310.4(A) or those identified for use in this cable. In addition, the conductors shall
|
||||
have an overall moisture-resistant and fire-retardant fibrous covering. For Type ACT, a moisture-resistant fibrous covering shall be
|
||||
required only on the individual conductors.
|
||||
|
||||
### 320.108 Equipment Grounding Conductor.
|
||||
|
||||
Type AC cable shall provide an adequate path for fault current as required by 250.4(A)(5) or (B)(4) to act as an equipment grounding
|
||||
conductor.
|
||||
|
||||
### 320.120 Marking.
|
||||
|
||||
The cable shall be marked in accordance with 310.8, except that Type AC shall have ready identification of the manufacturer by
|
||||
distinctive external markings on the cable armor throughout its entire length.
|
||||
@@ -0,0 +1,302 @@
|
||||
---
|
||||
id:
|
||||
aliases:
|
||||
- nec-334
|
||||
tags:
|
||||
- authorship/other
|
||||
- destiny/uncertain
|
||||
- exclude-from-word-count
|
||||
- status/incomplete
|
||||
- topic/construction/electrical
|
||||
- type/media
|
||||
title: "Article 334 Nonmetallic-Sheathed Cable: Types NM and NMC"
|
||||
---
|
||||
# Article 334 Nonmetallic-Sheathed Cable: Types NM and NMC
|
||||
|
||||
## Part I. General
|
||||
|
||||
### 334.1 Scope.
|
||||
|
||||
This article covers the use, installation, and construction specifications of nonmetallic-sheathed cable.
|
||||
|
||||
### 334.2 Definitions.
|
||||
|
||||
The definitions in this section shall apply within this article and throughout the Code.
|
||||
|
||||
### Nonmetallic-Sheathed Cable.
|
||||
|
||||
A factory assembly of two or more insulated conductors enclosed within an overall nonmetallic jacket.
|
||||
|
||||
### Type NM.
|
||||
|
||||
Insulated conductors enclosed within an overall nonmetallic jacket.
|
||||
|
||||
### Type NMC.
|
||||
|
||||
Insulated conductors enclosed within an overall, corrosion resistant, nonmetallic jacket.
|
||||
|
||||
### 334.6 Listing Requirements.
|
||||
|
||||
Type NM and Type NMC cables and associated fittings shall be listed.
|
||||
|
||||
## Part II. Installation
|
||||
|
||||
### 334.10 Uses Permitted.
|
||||
|
||||
Type NM and Type NMC cables
|
||||
shall be permitted to be used in the following,
|
||||
except as prohibited in 334.12:
|
||||
|
||||
1. One- and two-family dwellings
|
||||
and their attached or detached garages,
|
||||
and their storage buildings.
|
||||
|
||||
3. Multi-family dwellings permitted to be of Types III, IV, and V construction.
|
||||
|
||||
4. Other structures permitted to be of Types III, IV, and V construction.
|
||||
Cables shall be concealed within walls, floors, or ceilings
|
||||
that provide a thermal barrier of material that has at least a 15-minute finish rating
|
||||
as identified in listings of fire-rated assemblies.
|
||||
|
||||
Informational Note No. 1:
|
||||
Types of building construction and occupancy classifications
|
||||
are defined in NFPA 220-2018, Standard on Types of Building Construction,
|
||||
or the applicable building code, or both.
|
||||
|
||||
Informational Note No. 2:
|
||||
See Informative Annex E for determination of building types. \[NFPA 220, Table 4.1.1\]
|
||||
|
||||
4. Cable trays in structures permitted to be Types III, IV, or V
|
||||
where the cables are identified for the use.
|
||||
|
||||
Informational Note:
|
||||
See 310.14(A)(3) for temperature limitation of conductors.
|
||||
|
||||
5. Types I and II construction
|
||||
where installed within raceways permitted to be installed
|
||||
in Types I and II construction.
|
||||
|
||||
#### 334.10(A) Type NM.
|
||||
|
||||
Type NM cable shall be permitted as follows:
|
||||
|
||||
1. For both exposed and concealed work in normally dry locations
|
||||
except as prohibited in 334.10(3)
|
||||
|
||||
2. To be installed or fished in air voids in masonry block or tile walls
|
||||
|
||||
#### 334.10(B) Type NMC.
|
||||
|
||||
Type NMC cable shall be permitted as follows:
|
||||
|
||||
1. For both exposed and concealed work
|
||||
in dry, moist, damp, or corrosive locations,
|
||||
except as prohibited by 334.10(3)
|
||||
|
||||
3. In outside and inside walls of masonry block or tile
|
||||
|
||||
4. In a shallow chase in masonry, concrete, or adobe
|
||||
protected against nails or screws by a steel plate at least 1.59 mm (1/16 in.) thick
|
||||
and covered with plaster, adobe, or similar finish
|
||||
|
||||
### 334.12 Uses Not Permitted.
|
||||
|
||||
#### 334.12(A) Types NM and NMC.
|
||||
|
||||
Types NM and NMC cables shall not be permitted as follows:
|
||||
|
||||
1. In any dwelling or structure not specifically permitted in 334.10(1), (2), (3), and (5)
|
||||
|
||||
2. Exposed within a dropped or suspended ceiling cavity
|
||||
in other than one- and two-family and multifamily dwellings
|
||||
|
||||
3. As service-entrance cable
|
||||
|
||||
4. In commercial garages having hazardous (classified) locations as defined in 511.3
|
||||
|
||||
5. In theaters and similar locations, except where permitted in 518.4(B)
|
||||
|
||||
6. In motion picture studios
|
||||
|
||||
7. In storage battery rooms
|
||||
|
||||
8. In hoistways or on elevators or escalators
|
||||
|
||||
9. Embedded in poured cement, concrete, or aggregate
|
||||
|
||||
10. In hazardous (classified) locations, except where specifically permitted by other articles in this Code
|
||||
|
||||
#### 334.12(B) Type NM.
|
||||
|
||||
Type NM cables shall not be used under the following conditions or in the following locations:
|
||||
|
||||
1. Where exposed to corrosive fumes or vapors
|
||||
|
||||
2. Where embedded in masonry, concrete, adobe, fill, or plaster
|
||||
|
||||
3. In a shallow chase in masonry, concrete, or adobe
|
||||
and covered with plaster, adobe, or similar finish
|
||||
|
||||
4. In wet or damp locations
|
||||
|
||||
### 334.15 Exposed Work.
|
||||
|
||||
In exposed work, except as provided in 300.11(B),
|
||||
cable shall be installed as specified in 334.15(A) through (C).
|
||||
|
||||
#### 334.15(A) To Follow Surface.
|
||||
|
||||
Cable shall closely follow the surface of the building finish or of running boards.
|
||||
|
||||
#### 334.15(B) Protection from Physical Damage.
|
||||
|
||||
Cable shall be protected from physical damage where necessary
|
||||
by rigid metal conduit, intermediate metal conduit,
|
||||
electrical metallic tubing, Schedule 80 PVC conduit,
|
||||
Type RTRC marked with the suffix -XW,
|
||||
or other approved means.
|
||||
Where passing through a floor,
|
||||
the cable shall be enclosed
|
||||
in rigid metal conduit, intermediate metal conduit,
|
||||
electrical metallic tubing, Schedule 80 PVC conduit,
|
||||
Type RTRC marked with the suffix -XW,
|
||||
or other approved means
|
||||
extending at least 150 mm (6 in.) above the floor.
|
||||
|
||||
Type NMC cable installed in shallow chases or grooves
|
||||
in masonry, concrete, or adobe
|
||||
shall be protected in accordance with the requirements in 300.4(F)
|
||||
and covered with plaster, adobe, or similar finish.
|
||||
|
||||
#### 334.15(C) In Unfinished Basements and Crawl Spaces.
|
||||
|
||||
Where cable is run at angles with joists
|
||||
in unfinished basements and crawl spaces,
|
||||
it shall be permissible to secure cables
|
||||
not smaller than two 6 AWG or three 8 AWG conductors
|
||||
directly to the lower edges of the joists.
|
||||
Smaller cables shall be run either through bored holes in joists or on running boards.
|
||||
Nonmetallic-sheathed cable installed on the wall of an unfinished basement
|
||||
shall be permitted to be installed in a listed conduit or tubing
|
||||
or shall be protected in accordance with 300.4.
|
||||
Conduit or tubing shall be provided with a suitable insulating bushing or adapter
|
||||
at the point the cable enters the raceway.
|
||||
The sheath of the nonmetallic-sheathed cable
|
||||
shall extend through the conduit or tubing
|
||||
and into the outlet or device box not less than 6 mm (1/4 in.).
|
||||
The cable shall be secured within 300 mm (12 in.)
|
||||
of the point where the cable enters the conduit or tubing.
|
||||
Metal conduit, tubing, and metal outlet boxes
|
||||
shall be connected to an equipment grounding conductor
|
||||
complying with the provisions of 250.86 and 250.148.
|
||||
|
||||
### 334.17 Through or Parallel to Framing Members.
|
||||
|
||||
Types NM and NMC cable shall be protected in accordance with 300.4
|
||||
where installed through or parallel to framing members.
|
||||
Grommets used as required in 300.4(B)(1)
|
||||
shall remain in place and be listed for the purpose of cable protection.
|
||||
|
||||
### 334.23 In Accessible Attics.
|
||||
|
||||
The installation of cable in accessible attics or roof spaces
|
||||
shall also comply with [[nfpa-70_320_armored-cable#320.23 In Accessible Attics.|320.23]].
|
||||
|
||||
### 334.24 Bending Radius.
|
||||
|
||||
Bends in Types NM and NMC cable shall be so made that the cable will not be damaged.
|
||||
The radius of the curve of the inner edge of any bend during or after installation
|
||||
shall not be less than five times the diameter of the cable.
|
||||
|
||||
### 334.30 Securing and Supporting.
|
||||
|
||||
Nonmetallic-sheathed cable shall be supported and secured by staples, cable ties listed and identified for securement and support, or
|
||||
straps, hangers, or similar fittings designed and installed so as not to damage the cable, at intervals not exceeding 1.4 m (4 1/2 ft) and
|
||||
within 300 mm (12 in.) of every cable entry into enclosures such as outlet boxes, junction boxes, cabinets, or fittings. The cable length
|
||||
between the cable entry and the closest cable support shall not exceed 450 mm (18 in.). Flat cables shall not be stapled on edge.
|
||||
Sections of cable protected from physical damage by raceway shall not be required to be secured within the raceway.
|
||||
|
||||
#### 334.30(A) Horizontal Runs Through Holes and Notches.
|
||||
|
||||
In other than vertical runs, cables installed in accordance with 300.4
|
||||
shall be considered to be supported and secured where such support does not exceed 1.4-m (4 1/2-ft) intervals and the nonmetallic-sheathed cable is securely fastened in place by an approved means within 300 mm (12 in.) of each box, cabinet, conduit body, or other nonmetallic-sheathed cable termination.
|
||||
|
||||
Informational Note: See 314.17(B)(1) for support where nonmetallic boxes are used.
|
||||
|
||||
#### 334.30(B) Unsupported Cables.
|
||||
|
||||
Nonmetallic-sheathed cable shall be permitted to be unsupported where the cable:
|
||||
1. Is fished between access points through concealed spaces in finished buildings or structures and supporting is impracticable.
|
||||
2. Is not more than 1.4 m (4 1/2 ft) from the last point of cable support to the point of connection to a luminaire or other piece of
|
||||
electrical equipment and the cable and point of connection are within an accessible ceiling in one-, two-, or multifamily dwellings.
|
||||
|
||||
#### 334.30(C) Wiring Device Without a Separate Outlet Box.
|
||||
|
||||
A wiring device identified for the use, without a separate outlet box, and incorporating an integral cable clamp shall be permitted where
|
||||
the cable is secured in place at intervals not exceeding 1.4 m (4 1/2 ft) and within 300 mm (12 in.) from the wiring device wall opening,
|
||||
and there shall be at least a 300 mm (12 in.) loop of unbroken cable or 150 mm (6 in.) of a cable end available on the interior side of the
|
||||
finished wall to permit replacement.
|
||||
|
||||
### 334.40 Boxes and Fittings.
|
||||
|
||||
#### 334.40(A) Boxes of Insulating Material.
|
||||
|
||||
Nonmetallic outlet boxes shall be permitted as provided by 314.3.
|
||||
|
||||
#### 334.40(B) Devices of Insulating Material.
|
||||
|
||||
Self-contained switches, self-contained receptacles, and nonmetallic-sheathed cable interconnector devices of insulating material that
|
||||
are listed shall be permitted to be used without boxes in exposed cable wiring and for repair wiring in existing buildings where the cable
|
||||
is concealed. Openings in such devices shall form a close fit around the outer covering of the cable, and the device shall fully enclose
|
||||
the part of the cable from which any part of the covering has been removed. Where connections to conductors are by binding-screw
|
||||
terminals, there shall be available as many terminals as conductors.
|
||||
|
||||
#### 334.40(C) Devices with Integral Enclosures.
|
||||
|
||||
Wiring devices with integral enclosures identified for such use shall be permitted as provided by 300.15(E).
|
||||
|
||||
### 334.80 Ampacity.
|
||||
|
||||
The ampacity of Types NM and NMC cable shall be determined in accordance with 310.14. The ampacity shall not exceed that of a
|
||||
60°C (140°F) rated conductor. The 90°C (194°F) rating shall be permitted to be used for ampacity adjustment and correction
|
||||
calculations, provided the final calculated ampacity does not exceed that of a 60°C (140°F) rated conductor. The ampacity of Types NM
|
||||
and NMC cable installed in cable trays shall be determined in accordance with 392.80(A).
|
||||
Where more than two NM cables containing two or more current-carrying conductors are installed, without maintaining spacing between
|
||||
the cables, through the same opening in wood framing that is to be sealed with thermal insulation, caulk, or sealing foam, the ampacity
|
||||
of each conductor shall be adjusted in accordance with Table 310.15(C)(1) and the provisions of 310.14(A)(2), Exception, shall not
|
||||
apply.
|
||||
Where more than two NM cables containing two or more current-carrying conductors are installed in contact with thermal insulation
|
||||
without maintaining spacing between cables, the ampacity of each conductor shall be adjusted in accordance with Table 310.15(C)(1).
|
||||
|
||||
## Part III. Construction Specifications
|
||||
|
||||
### 334.100 Construction.
|
||||
|
||||
The outer cable sheath of nonmetallic-sheathed cable shall be a nonmetallic material.
|
||||
|
||||
### 334.104 Conductors.
|
||||
|
||||
The 600-volt insulated power conductors shall be sizes 14 AWG through 2 AWG copper conductors or sizes 12 AWG through 2 AWG aluminum or copper-clad aluminum conductors. Control and signaling conductors shall be no smaller than 18 AWG copper.
|
||||
|
||||
### 334.108 Equipment Grounding Conductor.
|
||||
|
||||
In addition to the insulated conductors, the cable shall have an insulated, covered, or bare equipment grounding conductor.
|
||||
|
||||
### 334.112 Insulation.
|
||||
|
||||
The insulated power conductors shall be one of the types listed in Table 310.4(A) that are suitable for branch-circuit wiring or one that is
|
||||
identified for use in these cables. Conductor insulation shall be rated at 90°C (194°F).
|
||||
|
||||
Informational Note: Types NM, NMC, and NMS cable identified by the markings NM-B, NMC-B, and NMS-B meet this requirement.
|
||||
|
||||
### 334.116 Sheath.
|
||||
|
||||
The outer sheath of nonmetallic-sheathed cable shall comply with 334.116(A) and (B).
|
||||
|
||||
#### 334.116(A) Type NM.
|
||||
|
||||
The overall covering shall be flame retardant and moisture resistant.
|
||||
|
||||
#### 334.116(B) Type NMC.
|
||||
|
||||
The overall covering shall be flame retardant, moisture resistant, fungus resistant, and corrosion resistant.
|
||||
@@ -5,13 +5,13 @@ aliases:
|
||||
tags:
|
||||
- authorship/other
|
||||
- destiny/uncertain
|
||||
- exclude-from-word-count
|
||||
- status/incomplete
|
||||
- topic/construction/electrical
|
||||
- type/media
|
||||
- exclude-from-word-count
|
||||
title: "Article 430: Motors, Motor Circuits, and Controllers"
|
||||
title: Article 430 Motors, Motor Circuits, and Controllers
|
||||
---
|
||||
# Article 430: Motors, Motor Circuits, and Controllers
|
||||
# Article 430 Motors, Motor Circuits, and Controllers
|
||||
|
||||
## Part I. General
|
||||
|
||||
|
||||
@@ -5,13 +5,13 @@ aliases:
|
||||
tags:
|
||||
- authorship/other
|
||||
- destiny/uncertain
|
||||
- exclude-from-word-count
|
||||
- status/incomplete
|
||||
- topic/construction/electrical
|
||||
- type/media
|
||||
- exclude-from-word-count
|
||||
title: "Article 450: Transformers and Transformer Vaults (Including Secondary Ties)"
|
||||
title: Article 450 Transformers and Transformer Vaults (Including Secondary Ties)
|
||||
---
|
||||
# Article 450: Transformers and Transformer Vaults (Including Secondary Ties)
|
||||
# Article 450 Transformers and Transformer Vaults (Including Secondary Ties)
|
||||
|
||||
## Part I. General Provisions
|
||||
|
||||
|
||||
@@ -5,13 +5,13 @@ aliases:
|
||||
tags:
|
||||
- authorship/other
|
||||
- destiny/uncertain
|
||||
- exclude-from-word-count
|
||||
- status/incomplete
|
||||
- topic/construction/electrical
|
||||
- type/media
|
||||
- exclude-from-word-count
|
||||
title: "Article 520: Theaters, Audience Areas of Motion Picture and Television Studios, Performance Areas, and Similar Locations"
|
||||
title: Article 520 Theaters, Audience Areas of Motion Picture and Television Studios, Performance Areas, and Similar Locations
|
||||
---
|
||||
# Article 520: Theaters, Audience Areas of Motion Picture and Television Studios, Performance Areas, and Similar Locations
|
||||
# Article 520 Theaters, Audience Areas of Motion Picture and Television Studios, Performance Areas, and Similar Locations
|
||||
|
||||
## Part I. General
|
||||
|
||||
@@ -106,4 +106,3 @@ A luminaire with multiple lamps arranged in a row.
|
||||
#### Two-Fer.
|
||||
|
||||
An assembly containing one male plug and two female cord connectors used to connect two loads to one branch circuit.
|
||||
|
||||
|
||||
@@ -0,0 +1,598 @@
|
||||
---
|
||||
id:
|
||||
aliases:
|
||||
- nec-700
|
||||
tags:
|
||||
- authorship/other
|
||||
- destiny/uncertain
|
||||
- exclude-from-word-count
|
||||
- status/incomplete
|
||||
- topic/construction/electrical
|
||||
- type/media
|
||||
title: Article 700 Emergency Systems
|
||||
---
|
||||
# Article 700 Emergency Systems
|
||||
|
||||
## Part I. General
|
||||
|
||||
### 700.1 Scope.
|
||||
|
||||
This article applies to the electrical safety
|
||||
of the installation, operation, and maintenance of emergency systems
|
||||
consisting of circuits and equipment intended to supply, distribute, and control electricity
|
||||
for illumination, power, or both, to required facilities
|
||||
when the normal electrical supply or system is interrupted.
|
||||
|
||||
Informational Note No. 1:
|
||||
For further information regarding wiring and installation
|
||||
of emergency systems in health care facilities,
|
||||
see Article 517.
|
||||
|
||||
Informational Note No. 2:
|
||||
For further information regarding performance and maintenance
|
||||
of emergency systems in health care facilities,
|
||||
see NFPA 99-2018, Health Care Facilities Code.
|
||||
|
||||
Informational Note No. 3:
|
||||
For specification of locations where emergency lighting
|
||||
is considered essential to life safety,
|
||||
see NFPA 101-2018, Life Safety Code.
|
||||
|
||||
Informational Note No. 4:
|
||||
For further information regarding performance of emergency and standby power systems,
|
||||
see NFPA 110-2019, Standard for Emergency and Standby Power Systems.
|
||||
|
||||
### 700.2 Definitions.
|
||||
|
||||
#### Branch-Circuit Emergency Lighting Transfer Switch.
|
||||
|
||||
This definition shall apply only within this article.
|
||||
A device connected on the load side of a branch-circuit overcurrent protective device that transfers only emergency lighting loads from
|
||||
the normal supply to an emergency supply.
|
||||
|
||||
Informational Note:
|
||||
See ANSI/UL 1008, Transfer Switch Equipment, for information covering branch-circuit emergency lighting transfer switches.
|
||||
|
||||
#### Emergency Luminaire, Directly Controlled.
|
||||
|
||||
An emergency luminaire that has a control input for an integral dimming or switching function that drives the luminaire to the required
|
||||
illumination level upon loss of normal power.
|
||||
|
||||
Informational Note:
|
||||
See ANSI/UL 924, Emergency Lighting and Power Equipment, for information covering directly controlled
|
||||
luminaires.
|
||||
|
||||
#### Emergency Systems.
|
||||
|
||||
This definition shall apply within this article and throughout the Code.
|
||||
Those systems legally required and classed as emergency by municipal, state, federal, or other codes, or by any governmental agency
|
||||
having jurisdiction. These systems are intended to automatically supply illumination, power, or both, to designated areas and equipment
|
||||
in the event of failure of the normal supply or in the event of accident to elements of a system intended to supply, distribute, and control
|
||||
power and illumination essential for safety to human life.
|
||||
|
||||
Informational Note:
|
||||
Emergency systems are generally installed in places of assembly where artificial illumination is required for safe
|
||||
exiting and for panic control in buildings subject to occupancy by large numbers of persons, such as hotels, theaters, sports arenas,
|
||||
health care facilities, and similar institutions. Emergency systems may also provide power for such functions as ventilation where
|
||||
essential to maintain life, fire detection and alarm systems, elevators, fire pumps, public safety communications systems, industrial
|
||||
processes where current interruption would produce serious life safety or health hazards, and similar functions.
|
||||
|
||||
#### Relay, Automatic Load Control.
|
||||
|
||||
A device used to set normally dimmed or normally-off switched emergency lighting equipment to full power illumination levels in the
|
||||
event of a loss of the normal supply by bypassing the dimming/switching controls, and to return the emergency lighting equipment to
|
||||
normal status when the device senses the normal supply has been restored.
|
||||
|
||||
Informational Note:
|
||||
See ANSI/UL 924, Emergency Lighting and Power Equipment, for the requirements covering automatic load control relays.
|
||||
|
||||
### 700.3 Tests and Maintenance.
|
||||
|
||||
#### 700.3(A) Conduct or Witness Test.
|
||||
|
||||
The authority having jurisdiction shall conduct or witness a test of the complete system upon installation and periodically afterward.
|
||||
|
||||
#### 700.3(B) Tested Periodically.
|
||||
|
||||
Systems shall be tested periodically on a schedule approved by the authority having jurisdiction to ensure the systems are maintained in proper operating condition.
|
||||
|
||||
#### 700.3(C) Maintenance.
|
||||
|
||||
Emergency system equipment shall be maintained in accordance with manufacturer instructions and industry standards.
|
||||
|
||||
#### 700.3(D) Written Record.
|
||||
|
||||
A written record shall be kept of such tests and maintenance.
|
||||
|
||||
#### 700.3(E) Testing Under Load.
|
||||
|
||||
Means for testing all emergency lighting and power systems during maximum anticipated load conditions shall be provided.
|
||||
|
||||
Informational Note:
|
||||
For information on testing and maintenance of emergency power supply systems (EPSSs),
|
||||
see NFPA 110-2019, Standard for Emergency and Standby Power Systems.
|
||||
|
||||
#### 700.3(F) Temporary Source of Power for Maintenance or Repair of the Alternate Source of Power.
|
||||
|
||||
If the emergency system relies on a single alternate source of power, which will be disabled for maintenance or repair, the emergency system shall include permanent switching means to connect a portable or temporary alternate source of power, which shall be available for the duration of the maintenance or repair. The permanent switching means to connect a portable or temporary alternate source of power shall comply with the following:
|
||||
|
||||
1. Connection to the portable or temporary alternate source of power shall not require modification of the permanent system wiring.
|
||||
|
||||
2. Transfer of power between the normal power source and the emergency power source shall be in accordance with 700.12.
|
||||
|
||||
3. The connection point for the portable or temporary alternate source shall be marked with the phase rotation and system bonding requirements.
|
||||
|
||||
4. Mechanical or electrical interlocking shall prevent inadvertent interconnection of power sources.
|
||||
|
||||
5. The switching means shall include a contact point that shall annunciate at a location remote from the generator or at another facility monitoring system to indicate that the permanent emergency source is disconnected from the emergency system. It shall be permissible to utilize manual switching to switch from the permanent source of power to the portable or temporary alternate source of power and to utilize the switching means for connection of a load bank.
|
||||
|
||||
Informational Note:
|
||||
There are many possible methods to achieve the requirements of 700.3(F). See Informational Note Figure 700.3(F)
|
||||
for one example.
|
||||
|
||||
> [!info] Informational Note Figure 700.3(F)
|
||||
|
||||
Exception:
|
||||
The permanent switching means to connect a portable or temporary alternate source of power, for the duration of the maintenance or repair, shall not be required where any of the following conditions exists:
|
||||
|
||||
6. All processes that rely on the emergency system source are capable of being disabled during maintenance or repair of the emergency source of power.
|
||||
|
||||
7. The building or structure is unoccupied and fire protection systems are fully functional and do not require an alternate power source.
|
||||
|
||||
8. Other temporary means can be substituted for the emergency system.
|
||||
|
||||
9. A permanent alternate emergency source, such as, but not limited to, a second on-site standby generator or separate electric utility service connection, capable of supporting the emergency system, exists.
|
||||
|
||||
### 700.4 Capacity and Rating.
|
||||
|
||||
#### 700.4(A) Rating.
|
||||
|
||||
The emergency system equipment shall be suitable for the available fault current at its terminals.
|
||||
|
||||
#### 700.4(B) Capacity.
|
||||
|
||||
An emergency system shall have adequate capacity in accordance with Article 220 or by another approved method.
|
||||
|
||||
#### 700.4(C) Selective Load Pickup, Load Shedding, and Peak Load Shaving.
|
||||
|
||||
The alternate power source shall be permitted to supply emergency,
|
||||
legally required standby, and optional standby system loads
|
||||
where the source has adequate capacity
|
||||
or where automatic selective load pickup and load shedding is provided
|
||||
as needed to ensure adequate power to
|
||||
(1) the emergency circuits,
|
||||
(2) the legally required standby circuits, and
|
||||
(3) the optional standby circuits, in that order of priority.
|
||||
The alternate power source shall be permitted to be used for peak load shaving,
|
||||
provided these conditions are met.
|
||||
|
||||
Peak load shaving operation shall be permitted for satisfying the test requirement of 700.3(B), provided all other conditions of 700.3 are met.
|
||||
|
||||
### 700.5 Transfer Equipment.
|
||||
|
||||
#### 700.5(A) General.
|
||||
|
||||
Transfer equipment shall be automatic, listed, and marked for emergency use, and approved by the authority having jurisdiction.
|
||||
|
||||
Transfer equipment shall be designed and installed to prevent the inadvertent interconnection of normal and emergency sources of supply in any operation of the transfer equipment. Transfer equipment and electric power production systems installed to permit operation in parallel with the normal source shall meet the requirements of Article 705. Meter-mounted transfer switches shall not be permitted for emergency system use.
|
||||
|
||||
#### 700.5(B) Bypass Isolation Switches.
|
||||
|
||||
Means shall be permitted to bypass and isolate the transfer equipment. Where bypass isolation switches are used, inadvertent parallel
|
||||
operation shall be avoided.
|
||||
|
||||
#### 700.5(C) Automatic Transfer Switches.
|
||||
|
||||
Automatic transfer switches shall be electrically operated and mechanically held. Automatic transfer switches shall not be permitted to be reconditioned.
|
||||
|
||||
#### 700.5(D) Use.
|
||||
|
||||
Transfer equipment shall supply only emergency loads.
|
||||
|
||||
#### 700.5(E) Documentation.
|
||||
|
||||
The short-circuit current rating of the transfer equipment, based on the specific overcurrent protective device type and settings protecting the transfer equipment, shall be field marked on the exterior of the transfer equipment.
|
||||
|
||||
### 700.6 Signals.
|
||||
|
||||
Audible and visual signal devices shall be provided, where practicable, for the purpose described in 700.6(A) through (D).
|
||||
|
||||
#### 700.6(A) Malfunction.
|
||||
|
||||
To indicate malfunction of the emergency source.
|
||||
|
||||
#### 700.6(B) Carrying Load.
|
||||
|
||||
To indicate that the emergency source is carrying load.
|
||||
|
||||
#### 700.6(C) Not Functioning.
|
||||
|
||||
To indicate that the battery charger is not functioning.
|
||||
|
||||
#### 700.6(D) Ground Fault.
|
||||
|
||||
To indicate a ground fault in solidly grounded wye emergency systems of more than 150 volts to ground and circuit-protective devices rated 1000 amperes or more. The sensor for the ground-fault signal devices shall be located at, or ahead of, the main system disconnecting means for the emergency source, and the maximum setting of the signal devices shall be for a ground-fault current of 1200 amperes. Instructions on the course of action to be taken in the event of indicated ground fault shall be located at or near the sensor location.
|
||||
|
||||
For systems with multiple emergency sources connected to a paralleling bus,
|
||||
the ground fault sensor and the system bonding jumper
|
||||
shall be permitted to be at an alternative location.
|
||||
|
||||
### 700.7 Signs.
|
||||
|
||||
#### 700.7(A) Emergency Sources.
|
||||
|
||||
A sign shall be placed at the service-entrance equipment, indicating type and location of each on-site emergency power source.
|
||||
|
||||
Exception:
|
||||
A sign shall not be required for individual unit equipment as specified in 700.12(I).
|
||||
|
||||
#### 700.7(B) Grounding.
|
||||
|
||||
Where removal of a grounding or bonding connection in normal power source equipment interrupts the grounding electrode conductor connection to the alternate power source(s) grounded conductor, a warning sign shall be installed at the normal power source equipment stating:
|
||||
|
||||
> WARNING \
|
||||
> SHOCK HAZARD EXISTS IF GROUNDING
|
||||
> ELECTRODE CONDUCTOR OR BONDING JUMPER
|
||||
> CONNECTION IN THIS EQUIPMENT IS REMOVED
|
||||
> WHILE ALTERNATE SOURCE(S) IS ENERGIZED.
|
||||
|
||||
The warning sign(s) or label(s) shall comply with 110.21(B).
|
||||
|
||||
### 700.8 Surge Protection.
|
||||
|
||||
A listed SPD shall be installed in or on all emergency systems switchboards and panelboards.
|
||||
|
||||
## Part II. Circuit Wiring
|
||||
|
||||
### 700.10 Wiring, Emergency System.
|
||||
|
||||
#### 700.10(A) Identification.
|
||||
|
||||
Emergency circuits shall be permanently marked so they will be readily identified as a component of an emergency circuit or system by
|
||||
the following methods:
|
||||
|
||||
1. All boxes and enclosures (including transfer switches, generators, and power panels) for emergency circuits shall be permanently marked as a component of an emergency circuit or system.
|
||||
|
||||
2. Where boxes or enclosures are not encountered, exposed cable or raceway systems shall be permanently marked to be identified as a component of an emergency circuit or system, at intervals not to exceed 7.6 m (25 ft).
|
||||
|
||||
Receptacles supplied from the emergency system shall have a distinctive color or marking on the receptacle cover plates or the receptacles.
|
||||
|
||||
#### 700.10(B) Wiring.
|
||||
|
||||
Wiring from an emergency source or emergency source distribution overcurrent protection to emergency loads shall be kept entirely independent of all other wiring and equipment unless otherwise permitted in 700.10(B)(1) through (B)(5):
|
||||
|
||||
1. Wiring from the normal power source located in transfer equipment enclosures
|
||||
|
||||
2. Wiring supplied from two sources in exit or emergency luminaires
|
||||
|
||||
3. Wiring from two sources in a listed load control relay supplying exit or emergency luminaires, or in a common junction box, attached to exit or emergency luminaires
|
||||
|
||||
4. Wiring within a common junction box attached to unit equipment, containing only the branch circuit supplying the unit equipment and the emergency circuit supplied by the unit equipment
|
||||
|
||||
5. Wiring from an emergency source to supply emergency and other (nonemergency) loads in accordance with 700.10(B)(5)a., (B) 5.b., (B)(5)c., and (B)(5)d. as follows:
|
||||
|
||||
* a. Separate vertical switchgear sections or separate vertical switchboard sections, with or without a common bus, or individual disconnects mounted in separate enclosures shall be used to separate emergency loads from all other loads.
|
||||
|
||||
* b. The common bus of separate sections of the switchgear, separate sections of the switchboard, or the individual enclosures shall be either of the following:
|
||||
|
||||
* (i) Supplied by single or multiple feeders without overcurrent protection at the source
|
||||
|
||||
* (ii) Supplied by single or multiple feeders with overcurrent protection, provided that the overcurrent protection that is common to an emergency system and any nonemergency system(s) is selectively coordinated with the next downstream overcurrent protective device in the nonemergency system(s)
|
||||
|
||||
Informational Note:
|
||||
For further information, see Informational Note Figure 700.10(B)(a) and Informational Note Figure
|
||||
700.10(B)(b).
|
||||
|
||||
Informational Note Figure 700.10(B)(a) Single or Multiple Feeders Without Overcurrent Protection.
|
||||
|
||||
Informational Note Figure 700.10(B)(b) Single or Multiple Feeders with Overcurrent Protection.
|
||||
|
||||
* c. Emergency circuits shall not originate from the same vertical switchgear section, vertical switchboard section, panelboard enclosure, or individual disconnect enclosure as other circuits.
|
||||
|
||||
* d. It shall be permissible to utilize single or multiple feeders to supply distribution equipment between an emergency source and the point where the emergency loads are separated from all other loads.
|
||||
|
||||
Wiring of two or more emergency circuits supplied from the same source shall be permitted in the same raceway, cable, box, or cabinet.
|
||||
|
||||
#### 700.10(C) Wiring Design and Location.
|
||||
|
||||
Emergency wiring circuits shall be designed and located so as to minimize the hazards that might cause failure due to flooding, fire, icing, vandalism, and other adverse conditions.
|
||||
|
||||
#### 700.10(D) Fire Protection.
|
||||
|
||||
##### 700.10(D)(1) Occupancies.
|
||||
|
||||
Emergency systems shall meet the additional requirements in 700.10(D)(2) through (D)(4) in the following occupancies:
|
||||
|
||||
1. Assembly occupancies for not less than 1000 persons
|
||||
|
||||
2. Buildings above 23 m (75 ft) in height
|
||||
|
||||
3. Educational occupancies with more than 300 occupants
|
||||
|
||||
##### 700.10(D)(2) Feeder-Circuit Wiring.
|
||||
|
||||
Feeder-circuit wiring shall meet one of the following conditions:
|
||||
|
||||
1. The cable or raceway is installed in spaces or areas that are fully protected by an approved automatic fire protection system.
|
||||
|
||||
2. The cable or raceway is protected by a listed electrical circuit protective system with a minimum 2-hour fire rating.
|
||||
|
||||
> [!info] Informational Note No. 1:
|
||||
> Electrical circuit protective systems could include but not be limited to thermal barriers or a protective shaft and are tested to UL 1724, Fire Tests for Electrical Circuit Protection Systems.
|
||||
|
||||
> [!info] Informational Note No. 2:
|
||||
> The listing organization provides information for electrical circuit protective systems on proper installation requirements to maintain the fire rating.
|
||||
|
||||
3. The cable or raceway is a listed fire-resistive cable system with a minimum 2-hour fire rating.
|
||||
|
||||
> [!info] Informational Note No. 1:
|
||||
> Fire-resistive cables are tested to
|
||||
> ANSI/UL 2196-2017, Standard for Fire Test for Circuit Integrity of Fire-Resistive Power, Instrumentation, Control and Data Cables.
|
||||
|
||||
> [!info] Informational Note No. 2:
|
||||
> The listing organization provides information for fire-resistive cable systems on proper installation requirements to maintain the fire rating.
|
||||
|
||||
4. The cable or raceway is protected by a listed fire-rated assembly that has a minimum fire rating of 2 hours and contains only emergency circuits.
|
||||
|
||||
5. The cable or raceway is encased in a minimum of 50 mm (2 in.) of concrete.
|
||||
|
||||
##### 700.10(D)(3) Feeder-Circuit Equipment.
|
||||
|
||||
Equipment for feeder circuits (including transfer switches, transformers, and panelboards) shall be located either in spaces fully protected by an approved automatic fire protection system or in spaces with a 2-hour fire resistance rating.
|
||||
|
||||
##### 700.10(D)(4) Generator Control Wiring.
|
||||
|
||||
Control conductors installed between the transfer equipment and the emergency generator shall be kept entirely independent of all other wiring and shall meet the conditions of 700.10(D)(2). The integrity of the generator remote start circuit shall be monitored for broken, disconnected, or shorted wires. Loss of integrity shall start the generator(s).
|
||||
|
||||
## Part III. Sources of Power
|
||||
|
||||
### 700.12 General Requirements.
|
||||
|
||||
Current supply shall be such that, in the event of failure of the normal supply to, or within, the building or group of buildings concerned, emergency lighting, emergency power, or both shall be available within the time required for the application but not to exceed 10 seconds. The supply system for emergency purposes, in addition to the normal services to the building and meeting the general requirements of this section, shall be one or more of the types of systems described in 700.12(C) through (H). Unit equipment in accordance with 700.12(I) shall satisfy the applicable requirements of this article.
|
||||
|
||||
#### 700.12(A) Power Source Considerations.
|
||||
|
||||
In selecting an emergency source of power, consideration shall be given to the occupancy and the type of service to be rendered, whether of minimum duration, as for evacuation of a theater, or longer duration, as for supplying emergency power and lighting due to an indefinite period of current failure from trouble either inside or outside the building.
|
||||
|
||||
#### 700.12(B) Equipment Design and Location.
|
||||
|
||||
Equipment shall be designed and located so as to minimize the hazards that might cause complete failure due to flooding, fires, icing, and vandalism.
|
||||
Equipment for sources of power as described in 700.12(C) through (H) shall be installed either in spaces fully protected by approved automatic fire protection systems or in spaces with a 2-hour fire rating where located within the following:
|
||||
|
||||
1. Assembly occupancies for more than 1000 persons
|
||||
|
||||
2. Buildings above 23 m (75 ft) in height with any of the following occupancy classes --- assembly, educational, residential, detention and correctional, business, and mercantile
|
||||
|
||||
3. Educational occupancies with more than 300 occupants
|
||||
|
||||
Informational Note No. 1:
|
||||
For the definition of Occupancy Classification, see Section 6.1 of NFPA 101-2018, Life Safety Code.
|
||||
|
||||
Informational Note No. 2:
|
||||
For information regarding power system reliability, see IEEE 3006.5-2014, Recommended Practice for the Use of Probability Methods for Conducting a Reliability Analysis of Industrial and Commercial Power Systems.
|
||||
|
||||
#### 700.12(C) Storage Battery.
|
||||
|
||||
Storage batteries shall be of suitable rating and capacity to supply and maintain the total load for a minimum period of 11/ 2 hours, without the voltage applied to the load falling below 871/ 2 percent of normal. Automotive-type batteries shall not be used.
|
||||
An automatic battery charging means shall be provided.
|
||||
|
||||
#### 700.12(D) Generator Set.
|
||||
|
||||
##### 700.12(D)(1) Prime Mover-Driven.
|
||||
|
||||
For a generator set driven by a prime mover approved by the authority having jurisdiction and sized in accordance with 700.4, means shall be provided for automatically starting the prime mover on failure of the normal service and for automatic transfer and operation of all required electrical circuits. A time-delay feature shall be provided to avoid retransfer in case of short-time reestablishment of the normal source.
|
||||
|
||||
##### 700.12(D)(2) Internal Combustion Engines as Prime Movers.
|
||||
|
||||
* (a) On-Site Fuel Supply. Where internal combustion engines are used as the prime mover, an on-site fuel supply shall be provided with an on-premises fuel supply sufficient for not less than 2 hours' operation of the system.
|
||||
|
||||
* (b) Fuel Transfer Pumps. Where power is needed for the operation of the fuel transfer pumps to deliver fuel to a generator set day tank, this pump shall be connected to the emergency power system.
|
||||
|
||||
* (c) Public Gas System, Municipal Water Supply. Prime movers shall not be solely dependent on a public utility gas system for their fuel supply or municipal water supply for their cooling systems.
|
||||
|
||||
Exception:
|
||||
Where approved by the authority having jurisdiction, the use of other than on-site fuels shall be permitted where
|
||||
there is a low probability of a simultaneous failure of both the off-site fuel delivery system and power from the outside electrical
|
||||
utility company.
|
||||
|
||||
* (d) Automatic Fuel Transfer. Where dual fuel supplies are used, means shall be provided for automatically transferring from one fuel supply to another.
|
||||
|
||||
##### 700.12(D)(3) Battery Power and Dampers.
|
||||
|
||||
Where a storage battery is used for control or signal power or as the means of starting the prime mover, it shall be suitable for the purpose and shall be equipped with an automatic charging means independent of the generator set. Where the battery charger is required for the operation of the generator set, it shall be connected to the emergency system. Where power is required for the operation of dampers used to ventilate the generator set, the dampers shall be connected to the emergency system.
|
||||
|
||||
##### 700.12(D)(4) Auxiliary Power Supply.
|
||||
|
||||
Generator sets that require more than 10 seconds to develop power shall be permitted if an auxiliary power supply energizes the emergency system until the generator can pick up the load.
|
||||
|
||||
##### 700.12(D)(5) Outdoor Generator Sets.
|
||||
|
||||
Where an outdoor-housed generator set is equipped with a readily accessible disconnecting means in accordance with 445.18, and the disconnecting means is located within sight of the building or structure supplied, an additional disconnecting means shall not be required where ungrounded conductors serve or pass through the building or structure. Where the generator supply conductors terminate at a disconnecting means in or on a building or structure, the disconnecting means shall meet the requirements of 225.36.
|
||||
|
||||
Exception:
|
||||
For installations under single management, where conditions of maintenance and supervision ensure that only qualified persons will monitor and service the installation and where documented safe switching procedures are established and maintained for disconnection, the generator set disconnecting means shall not be required to be located within sight of the building or structure served.
|
||||
|
||||
#### 700.12(E) Uninterruptible Power Supplies.
|
||||
|
||||
Uninterruptible power supplies used to provide power for emergency systems shall comply with the applicable provisions of 700.12(B) and (C).
|
||||
|
||||
#### 700.12(F) Separate Service.
|
||||
|
||||
Where approved by the authority having jurisdiction as suitable for use as an emergency source of power, an additional service shall be permitted.
|
||||
This service shall be in accordance with the applicable provisions of Article 230 and the following additional requirements:
|
||||
|
||||
1. Separate overhead service conductors, service drops, underground service conductors, or service laterals shall be installed.
|
||||
|
||||
2. The service conductors for the separate service shall be installed sufficiently remote electrically and physically from any other service conductors to minimize the possibility of simultaneous interruption of supply.
|
||||
|
||||
#### 700.12(G) Fuel Cell System.
|
||||
|
||||
Fuel cell systems used as a source of power for emergency systems shall be of suitable rating and capacity to supply and maintain the total load for not less than 2 hours of full-demand operation.
|
||||
Installation of a fuel cell system shall meet the requirements of Parts II through VIII of Article 692.
|
||||
Where a single fuel cell system serves as the normal supply for the building or group of buildings concerned, it shall not serve as the sole source of power for the emergency standby system.
|
||||
|
||||
#### 700.12(H) DC Microgrid Systems.
|
||||
|
||||
Sources connected to a dc microgrid system shall be permitted where the system is capable of being isolated from all non-emergency sources.
|
||||
DC microgrid systems used as a source of power for emergency systems shall be of suitable rating and capacity to supply and maintain the total emergency load for not less than 2 hours of full-demand operation.
|
||||
Where a dc microgrid system source serves as the normal supply for the building or group of buildings concerned, it shall not serve as the sole source of power for the emergency standby system.
|
||||
|
||||
#### 700.12(I) Unit Equipment.
|
||||
|
||||
##### 700.12(I)(1) Components of Unit Equipment.
|
||||
|
||||
Individual unit equipment for emergency illumination shall consist of the following:
|
||||
|
||||
1. A rechargeable battery
|
||||
|
||||
2. A battery charging means
|
||||
|
||||
3. Provisions for one or more lamps mounted on the equipment, or shall be permitted to have terminals for remote lamps, or both
|
||||
|
||||
4. A relaying device arranged to energize the lamps automatically upon failure of the supply to the unit equipment
|
||||
|
||||
##### 700.12(I)(2) Installation of Unit Equipment.
|
||||
|
||||
Unit equipment shall be installed in accordance with the following:
|
||||
|
||||
1. The batteries shall be of suitable rating and capacity to supply and maintain the total lamp load associated with the unit in accordance with the following:
|
||||
|
||||
* a. For a period of at least 11/ 2 hours without the voltage falling below 871/ 2 percent of normal battery voltage.
|
||||
|
||||
* b. The unit equipment shall supply and maintain not less than 60 percent of the initial emergency illumination for a period of at least 11/ 2 hours.
|
||||
|
||||
2. Unit equipment shall be permanently fixed (i.e., not portable) in place and shall have all wiring to each unit installed in accordance with the requirements of any of the wiring methods in Chapter 3. Flexible cord-and-plug connection shall be permitted, provided that the cord does not exceed 900 mm (3 ft) in length.
|
||||
|
||||
3. The branch circuit feeding the unit equipment shall be one of the following:
|
||||
|
||||
* a. The same branch circuit as that serving the normal lighting in the area and connected ahead of any local switches
|
||||
|
||||
* b. Where the normal lighting circuit is served by one or more branch circuits, a separate branch circuit, provided with a lockon feature, that originates from the same panelboard as the normal lighting circuits. The branch circuit disconnecting means for this branch circuit shall be provided with a lock-on feature.
|
||||
|
||||
4. The branch circuit that feeds unit equipment shall be clearly identified at the distribution panel.
|
||||
|
||||
5. Emergency luminaires that obtain power from a unit equipment and are not part of the unit equipment shall be wired to the unit equipment as required by 700.10 and by one of the wiring methods of Chapter 3.
|
||||
|
||||
6. Remote heads providing lighting for the exterior of an exit door shall be permitted to be supplied by the unit equipment serving the area immediately inside the exit door.
|
||||
|
||||
## Part IV. Emergency System Circuits for Lighting and Power
|
||||
|
||||
### 700.15 Loads on Emergency Branch Circuits.
|
||||
|
||||
No appliances and no lamps, other than those specified as required for emergency use, shall be supplied by emergency lighting circuits.
|
||||
|
||||
### 700.16 Emergency Illumination.
|
||||
|
||||
#### 700.16(A) General.
|
||||
|
||||
Emergency illumination shall include means of egress lighting, illuminated exit signs, and all other luminaires specified as necessary to provide required illumination.
|
||||
|
||||
#### 700.16(B) System Reliability.
|
||||
|
||||
Emergency lighting systems shall be designed and installed so that the failure of any illumination source cannot leave in total darkness any space that requires emergency illumination. Control devices in the emergency lighting system shall be listed for use in emergency systems. Listed unit equipment in accordance with 700.12(F) shall be considered as meeting the provisions of this section.
|
||||
|
||||
Informational Note:
|
||||
700.23 through 700.26 provide requirements for applications of emergency system control devices.
|
||||
|
||||
#### 700.16(C) Discharge Lighting.
|
||||
|
||||
Where high-intensity discharge lighting such as high- and low-pressure sodium, mercury vapor, and metal halide is used as the sole source of normal illumination, the emergency lighting system shall be required to operate until normal illumination has been restored.
|
||||
|
||||
#### 700.16(D) Disconnecting Means.
|
||||
|
||||
Where an emergency system is installed, emergency illumination shall be provided in the area of the disconnecting means required by 225.31 and 230.70, as applicable, where the disconnecting means are installed indoors.
|
||||
|
||||
Exception:
|
||||
Alternative means that ensure that the emergency lighting illumination level is maintained shall be permitted.
|
||||
|
||||
### 700.17 Branch Circuits for Emergency Lighting.
|
||||
|
||||
Branch circuits that supply emergency lighting shall be installed to provide service from a source complying with 700.12 when the
|
||||
normal supply for lighting is interrupted. Such installations shall provide either of the following:
|
||||
|
||||
1. An emergency lighting supply, independent of the normal lighting supply, with provisions for automatically transferring the emergency lights upon the event of failure of the normal lighting branch circuit
|
||||
|
||||
2. Two or more branch circuits supplied from separate and complete systems with independent power sources. One of the two power sources and systems shall be part of the emergency system, and the other shall be permitted to be part of the normal power source and system. Each system shall provide sufficient power for emergency lighting purposes.
|
||||
Unless both systems are used for regular lighting purposes and are both kept lighted, means shall be provided for automatically energizing either system upon failure of the other. Either or both systems shall be permitted to be a part of the general lighting of the protected occupancy if circuits supplying lights for emergency illumination are installed in accordance with other sections of this article.
|
||||
|
||||
### 700.18 Circuits for Emergency Power.
|
||||
|
||||
For branch circuits that supply equipment classed as emergency, there shall be an emergency supply source to which the load will be transferred automatically upon the failure of the normal supply.
|
||||
|
||||
### 700.19 Multiwire Branch Circuits.
|
||||
|
||||
The branch circuit serving emergency lighting and power circuits shall not be part of a multiwire branch circuit.
|
||||
|
||||
## Part V. Control --- Emergency Lighting Circuits
|
||||
|
||||
### 700.20 Switch Requirements.
|
||||
|
||||
The switch or switches installed in emergency lighting circuits shall be arranged so that only authorized persons have control of emergency lighting.
|
||||
|
||||
Exception No. 1:
|
||||
Where two or more single-throw switches are connected in parallel to control a single circuit, at least one of these switches shall be accessible only to authorized persons.
|
||||
|
||||
Exception No. 2:
|
||||
Additional switches that act only to put emergency lights into operation
|
||||
but not disconnect them shall be permissible.
|
||||
Switches connected in series or 3- and 4-way switches shall not be used.
|
||||
|
||||
### 700.21 Switch Location.
|
||||
|
||||
All manual switches for controlling emergency circuits shall be in locations convenient to authorized persons responsible for their actuation. In facilities covered by Articles 518 and 520, a switch for controlling emergency lighting systems shall be located in the lobby or at a place conveniently accessible thereto.
|
||||
|
||||
In no case shall a control switch for emergency lighting be placed in a motion-picture projection booth or on a stage or platform.
|
||||
|
||||
Exception:
|
||||
Where multiple switches are provided, one such switch shall be permitted in such locations where arranged so that it can only energize the circuit but cannot de-energize the circuit.
|
||||
|
||||
### 700.22 Exterior Lights.
|
||||
|
||||
Those lights on the exterior of a building that are not required for illumination when there is sufficient daylight shall be permitted to be controlled by an automatic light-actuated device.
|
||||
|
||||
### 700.23 Dimmer and Relay Systems.
|
||||
|
||||
A dimmer or relay system containing more than one dimmer or relay and listed for use in emergency systems shall be permitted to be used as a control device for energizing emergency lighting circuits. Upon failure of normal power, the dimmer or relay system shall be permitted to selectively energize only those branch circuits required to provide minimum emergency illumination using a control bypass function. Where the dimmer or relay system is fed by a normal/emergency source from an upstream transfer switch, normal power sensing for this function shall be permitted to be from a normal-only power source upstream of the transfer switch. All branch circuits supplied by the dimmer or relay system cabinet shall comply with the wiring methods of Article 700.
|
||||
|
||||
### 700.24 Directly Controlled Emergency Luminaires.
|
||||
|
||||
Where emergency illumination is provided by one or more directly controlled emergency luminaires that respond to an external control input, or loss thereof, to bypass normal control upon loss of normal power, such luminaires and external bypass controls shall be individually listed for use in emergency systems.
|
||||
|
||||
### 700.25 Branch Circuit Emergency Lighting Transfer Switch.
|
||||
|
||||
Emergency lighting loads supplied by branch circuits rated at not greater than 20 amperes shall be permitted to be transfer red from the normal branch circuit to an emergency branch circuit using a listed branch circuit emergency lighting transfer switch. The mechanically held requirement of 700.5(C) shall not apply to listed branch circuit emergency lighting transfer switches.
|
||||
|
||||
### 700.26 Automatic Load Control Relay.
|
||||
|
||||
If an emergency lighting load is automatically energized upon loss of the normal supply, a listed automatic load control relay shall be permitted to energize the load. The load control relay shall not be used as transfer equipment.
|
||||
|
||||
## Part VI. Overcurrent Protection
|
||||
|
||||
### 700.30 Accessibility.
|
||||
|
||||
The branch-circuit overcurrent devices in emergency circuits shall be accessible to authorized persons only.
|
||||
|
||||
### 700.31 Ground-Fault Protection of Equipment.
|
||||
|
||||
The alternate source for emergency systems shall not be required to provide ground-fault protection of equipment with automatic disconnecting means. Ground-fault indication at the emergency source shall be provided in accordance with 700.6(D) if ground-fault protection of equipment with automatic disconnecting means is not provided.
|
||||
|
||||
### 700.32 Selective Coordination.
|
||||
|
||||
Emergency system(s) overcurrent devices shall be selectively coordinated with all supply-side overcurrent protective devices.
|
||||
Selective coordination shall be selected by a licensed professional engineer or other qualified persons engaged primarily in the design, installation, or maintenance of electrical systems. The selection shall be documented and made available to those authorized to design, install, inspect, maintain, and operate the system.
|
||||
|
||||
Exception:
|
||||
Selective coordination shall not be required between two overcurrent devices located in series if no loads are connected in parallel with the downstream device.
|
||||
|
||||
Informational Note:
|
||||
See Informational Note Figure 700.32 for an example of how emergency system overcurrent protective devices (OCPDs) selectively coordinate with all supply-side OCPDs.
|
||||
|
||||
OCPD D selectively coordinates with OCPDs C, F, E, B, and A.
|
||||
|
||||
OCPD C selectively coordinates with OCPDs F, E, B, and A.
|
||||
|
||||
OCPD F selectively coordinates with OCPD E.
|
||||
|
||||
OCPD B is not required to selectively coordinate with OCPD A because OCPD B is not an emergency system OCPD.
|
||||
|
||||
> [!info] Informational Note Figure 700.32 Emergency System Selective Coordination.
|
||||
@@ -9,9 +9,9 @@ tags:
|
||||
- status/incomplete
|
||||
- topic/construction/electrical
|
||||
- type/media
|
||||
title: "NEC Article 725: Class 1, Class 2, and Class 3 Remote-Control, Signaling, and Power-Limited Circuits"
|
||||
title: NEC Article 725 Class 1, Class 2, and Class 3 Remote-Control, Signaling, and Power-Limited Circuits
|
||||
---
|
||||
# NEC Article 725: Class 1, Class 2, and Class 3 Remote-Control, Signaling, and Power-Limited Circuits
|
||||
# NEC Article 725 Class 1, Class 2, and Class 3 Remote-Control, Signaling, and Power-Limited Circuits
|
||||
|
||||
## Part I. General
|
||||
|
||||
@@ -29,27 +29,27 @@ The definitions in this section shall apply only within this article.
|
||||
|
||||
## Part III. Class 2 and Class 3 Circuits
|
||||
|
||||
### 725.136 Separation from Electric Light, Power, Class 1, Non–Power-Limited Fire Alarm Circuit
|
||||
### 725.136 Separation from Electric Light, Power, Class 1, Non--Power-Limited Fire Alarm Circuit
|
||||
|
||||
Conductors, and Medium-Power Network-Powered Broadband Communications Cables.
|
||||
|
||||
#### 725.136(A) General.
|
||||
|
||||
Cables and conductors of Class 2 and Class 3 circuits shall not be placed in any cable, cable tray, compartment, enclosure, manhole, outlet box, device box, raceway, or similar fitting with conductors of electric light, power, Class 1, non–power-limited fire alarm circuits, and medium-power network-powered broadband communications circuits unless permitted by 725.136(B) through (I).
|
||||
Cables and conductors of Class 2 and Class 3 circuits shall not be placed in any cable, cable tray, compartment, enclosure, manhole, outlet box, device box, raceway, or similar fitting with conductors of electric light, power, Class 1, non--power-limited fire alarm circuits, and medium-power network-powered broadband communications circuits unless permitted by 725.136(B) through (I).
|
||||
|
||||
#### 725.136(B) Separated by Barriers.
|
||||
|
||||
Class 2 and Class 3 circuits shall be permitted to be installed together with the conductors of electric light, power, Class 1, non–power-limited fire alarm and medium power network-powered broadband communications circuits where they are separated by a barrier.
|
||||
Class 2 and Class 3 circuits shall be permitted to be installed together with the conductors of electric light, power, Class 1, non--power-limited fire alarm and medium power network-powered broadband communications circuits where they are separated by a barrier.
|
||||
|
||||
#### 725.136(C) Raceways Within Enclosures.
|
||||
|
||||
In enclosures, Class 2 and Class 3 circuits shall be permitted to be installed in a raceway to separate them from Class 1, non–power-limited fire alarm and medium-power network-powered broadband communications circuits.
|
||||
In enclosures, Class 2 and Class 3 circuits shall be permitted to be installed in a raceway to separate them from Class 1, non--power-limited fire alarm and medium-power network-powered broadband communications circuits.
|
||||
|
||||
#### 725.136(D) Associated Systems Within Enclosures.
|
||||
|
||||
Class 2 and Class 3 circuit conductors in compartments, enclosures, device boxes, outlet boxes, or similar fittings shall be permitted to be instal led with electric light, power, Class 1, non–power-limited fire alarm, and medium-power network-powered broadband communications circuits where they are introduced solely to connect the equipment connected to Class 2 and Class 3 circuits, and where (1) or (2) applies:
|
||||
Class 2 and Class 3 circuit conductors in compartments, enclosures, device boxes, outlet boxes, or similar fittings shall be permitted to be instal led with electric light, power, Class 1, non--power-limited fire alarm, and medium-power network-powered broadband communications circuits where they are introduced solely to connect the equipment connected to Class 2 and Class 3 circuits, and where (1) or (2) applies:
|
||||
|
||||
1. The electric light, power, Class 1, non–power-limited fire alarm, and medium-power network-powered broadband communications circuit conductors are routed to maintain a minimum of 6 mm (0.25 in.) separation from the conductors and cables of Class 2 and Class 3 circuits.
|
||||
1. The electric light, power, Class 1, non--power-limited fire alarm, and medium-power network-powered broadband communications circuit conductors are routed to maintain a minimum of 6 mm (0.25 in.) separation from the conductors and cables of Class 2 and Class 3 circuits.
|
||||
|
||||
2. The circuit conductors operate at 150 volts or less to ground and also comply with one of the following:
|
||||
|
||||
@@ -59,14 +59,14 @@ Class 2 and Class 3 circuit conductors in compartments, enclosures, device boxes
|
||||
|
||||
#### 725.136(E) Enclosures with Single Opening.
|
||||
|
||||
Class 2 and Class 3 circuit conductors entering compartments, enclosures, device boxes, outlet boxes, or similar fittings shall be permitted to be instal led with Class 1, non–power-limited fire alarm and medium-power network-powered broadband communications circuits where they are introduced solely to connect the equipment connected to Class 2 and Class 3 circuits. Where Class 2 and Class 3 circuit conductors must enter an enclosure that is provided with a single opening, they shall be permitted to enter through a single fitting (such as a tee), provided the conductors are separated from the conductors of the other circuits by a continuous and firmly fixed nonconductor, such as flexible tubing.
|
||||
Class 2 and Class 3 circuit conductors entering compartments, enclosures, device boxes, outlet boxes, or similar fittings shall be permitted to be instal led with Class 1, non--power-limited fire alarm and medium-power network-powered broadband communications circuits where they are introduced solely to connect the equipment connected to Class 2 and Class 3 circuits. Where Class 2 and Class 3 circuit conductors must enter an enclosure that is provided with a single opening, they shall be permitted to enter through a single fitting (such as a tee), provided the conductors are separated from the conductors of the other circuits by a continuous and firmly fixed nonconductor, such as flexible tubing.
|
||||
|
||||
#### 725.136(F) Manholes.
|
||||
|
||||
Underground Class 2 and Class 3 circuit conductors in a manhole shall be permitted to be installed with Class 1, non–power-limited fire
|
||||
Underground Class 2 and Class 3 circuit conductors in a manhole shall be permitted to be installed with Class 1, non--power-limited fire
|
||||
alarm and medium-power network-powered broadband communications circuits where one of the following conditions is met:
|
||||
|
||||
1. The electric light, power, Class 1, non–power-limited fire alarm and medium-power network-powered broadband communications circuit conductors are in a metal-enclosed cable or Type UF cable.
|
||||
1. The electric light, power, Class 1, non--power-limited fire alarm and medium-power network-powered broadband communications circuit conductors are in a metal-enclosed cable or Type UF cable.
|
||||
|
||||
2. The Class 2 and Class 3 circuit conductors are permanently and effectively separated from the conductors of other circuits by a continuous and firmly fixed nonconductor, such as flexible tubing, in addition to the insulation or covering on the wire.
|
||||
|
||||
@@ -74,7 +74,7 @@ alarm and medium-power network-powered broadband communications circuits where o
|
||||
|
||||
#### 725.136(G) Cable Trays.
|
||||
|
||||
Class 2 and Class 3 circuit conductors shall be permitted to be installed in cable trays, where the conductors of the electric light, Class 1, and non–power-limited fire alarm circuits are separated by a solid fixed barrier of a material compatible with the cable tray or where the Class 2 or Class 3 circuits are installed in Type MC cable.
|
||||
Class 2 and Class 3 circuit conductors shall be permitted to be installed in cable trays, where the conductors of the electric light, Class 1, and non--power-limited fire alarm circuits are separated by a solid fixed barrier of a material compatible with the cable tray or where the Class 2 or Class 3 circuits are installed in Type MC cable.
|
||||
|
||||
#### 725.136(H) In Hoistways.
|
||||
|
||||
@@ -86,19 +86,19 @@ For other applications,
|
||||
conductors of Class 2 and Class 3 circuits
|
||||
shall be separated by at least 50 mm (2 in.)
|
||||
from conductors of any electric light, power,
|
||||
Class 1 non–power-limited fire alarm
|
||||
Class 1 non--power-limited fire alarm
|
||||
or medium power network-powered broadband communications circuits
|
||||
unless one of the following conditions is met:
|
||||
|
||||
1. Either all of the electric light, power,
|
||||
Class 1, non–power-limited fire alarm
|
||||
Class 1, non--power-limited fire alarm
|
||||
and medium-power network-powered broadband communications circuit conductors
|
||||
or all of the Class 2 and Class 3 circuit conductors
|
||||
are in a raceway or in metal-sheathed, metal-clad,
|
||||
non–metallic-sheathed, Type TC, or Type UF cables
|
||||
non--metallic-sheathed, Type TC, or Type UF cables
|
||||
|
||||
2. All of the electric light, power,
|
||||
Class 1 non–power-limited fire alarm,
|
||||
Class 1 non--power-limited fire alarm,
|
||||
and medium-power network-powered broadband communications circuit conductors
|
||||
are permanently separated from all of the Class 2 and Class 3 circuit conductors
|
||||
by a continuous and firmly fixed nonconductor,
|
||||
|
||||
@@ -40,13 +40,13 @@ title: "NFPA 70: National Electric Code"
|
||||
* [[nfpa-70_311|311 Medium Voltage Conductors and Cable]]
|
||||
* [[nfpa-70_312|312 Cabinets, Cutout Boxes, and Meter Socket Enclosures]]
|
||||
* [[nfpa-70_314_boxes|314 Outlet, Device, Pull, and Junction Boxes; Conduit Bodies; Fittings; and Handhole Enclosures]]
|
||||
* [[nfpa-70_320|320 Armored Cable: Type AC]]
|
||||
* [[nfpa-70_320_armored-cable|320 Armored Cable: Type AC]]
|
||||
* [[nfpa-70_322|322 Flat Cable Assemblies: Type FC]]
|
||||
* [[nfpa-70_324|324 Flat Conductor Cable: Type FCC]]
|
||||
* [[nfpa-70_326|326 Integrated Gas Spacer Cable: Type IGS]]
|
||||
* [[nfpa-70_330|330 Metal-Clad Cable: Type MC]]
|
||||
* [[nfpa-70_332|332 Mineral-Insulated, Metal-Sheathed Cable: Type MI]]
|
||||
* [[nfpa-70_334|334 Nonmetallic-Sheathed Cable: Types NM and NMC]]
|
||||
* [[nfpa-70_334_nm-cable|334 Nonmetallic-Sheathed Cable: Types NM and NMC]]
|
||||
* [[nfpa-70_336|336 Power and Control Tray Cable: Type TC]]
|
||||
* [[nfpa-70_337|337 Type P Cable]]
|
||||
* [[nfpa-70_338|338 Service-Entrance Cable: Types SE and USE]]
|
||||
@@ -170,7 +170,7 @@ title: "NFPA 70: National Electric Code"
|
||||
|
||||
## Chapter 7 Special Conditions
|
||||
|
||||
* [[nfpa-70_700|700 Emergency Systems]]
|
||||
* [[nfpa-70_700_emergency-systems|700 Emergency Systems]]
|
||||
* [[nfpa-70_701|701 Legally Required Standby Systems]]
|
||||
* [[nfpa-70_702|702 Optional Standby Systems]]
|
||||
* [[nfpa-70_705|705 Interconnected Electric Power Production Sources]]
|
||||
|
||||
@@ -24,7 +24,7 @@ title: Pumpkin Coins Estimate
|
||||
>
|
||||
> 🕒 All votes due by 3:00 PM on Wednesday, 10/29
|
||||
>
|
||||
> Bring your best guess--the closest estimate wins big!
|
||||
> Bring your best guess---the closest estimate wins big!
|
||||
> ...
|
||||
|
||||
## Strategy
|
||||
|
||||
@@ -144,7 +144,7 @@ This interval can be determined from a population of possible prices.
|
||||
|
||||
The _accuracy_ of a risk-oriented estimate remains roughly the same
|
||||
(approaching 100% with continuous input)
|
||||
through the takeoff process, and--assuming no incorrect input--
|
||||
through the takeoff process, and---assuming no incorrect input---
|
||||
is entirely out of the hands of the estimator doing the "takeoff".
|
||||
Other notes describe how a centralized system
|
||||
separates the concerns of adjustment factors
|
||||
|
||||
@@ -19,8 +19,9 @@ title: Standalone Systems
|
||||
|
||||
### 2. Takeoff
|
||||
|
||||
1. [[distributed-antenna-systems-takeoff]]
|
||||
2. [[two-way-takeoff]]
|
||||
3. [[lightning-protection-takeoff]]
|
||||
1. [[two-way-takeoff]]
|
||||
2. [[distributed-antenna-systems-takeoff]]
|
||||
3. [[carbon-monoxide-detection-takeoff]]
|
||||
4. [[lightning-protection-takeoff]]
|
||||
|
||||
### 3. Review
|
||||
|
||||
@@ -29,7 +29,7 @@ by the standards of the study, when $p \leq \alpha$
|
||||
|
||||
The significance level for a study
|
||||
is chosen before data collection,
|
||||
and is typically set to 5% or much lower--
|
||||
and is typically set to 5% or much lower---
|
||||
depending on the field of study.
|
||||
|
||||
The [**null hypothesis**](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Null_hypothesis)
|
||||
|
||||
@@ -0,0 +1,10 @@
|
||||
---
|
||||
id:
|
||||
aliases: []
|
||||
tags:
|
||||
- type/daily
|
||||
title: ""
|
||||
---
|
||||
# {{date}}
|
||||
|
||||
## {{date}} {{time}}
|
||||
@@ -24,6 +24,13 @@ mostly industry knowledge and notes relevant to [[my-occupation]].
|
||||
|
||||
The rest is whatever else I feel is worth writing down.
|
||||
|
||||
### Daily Notes
|
||||
|
||||
It's hard for me to reconcile the idea of daily notes
|
||||
with the purpose of [[personal-knowledge-management]] as I see it.
|
||||
Nonetheless, they are popular, and generally enjoyable to write.
|
||||
See [[daily-notes]] for appropriate use.
|
||||
|
||||
## Purpose
|
||||
|
||||
* Compensate for my poor memory
|
||||
|
||||
Reference in New Issue
Block a user