vault backup: 2026-04-27 17:01:41

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--- ---
# zmVault # zmVault
This note concerns the meta-formatting of this repository. > This note concerns the meta-formatting of this repository.
For contents, prose conventions, etc. see [[this-notebook]]. > For contents, prose conventions, etc. see [[this-notebook]].
## Syntax ## Syntax
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--- ---
title: Convex Hull
tags: tags:
- authorship/other-for-now - authorship/other-for-now
- topic/math
- type/encyclopedia-entry - type/encyclopedia-entry
title: Convex Hull
--- ---
# Convex Hull # Convex Hull
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title: Decrease in Sigma title: Decrease in Sigma
tags: tags:
- destiny/uncertain - destiny/uncertain
- topic/math/statistics
- type/encyclopedia-entry - type/encyclopedia-entry
--- ---
# Decrease in Sigma # Decrease in Sigma
%%
relevant to [[statistics]]:
graphs intended to visually demonstrate
a decrease in [[uncertainty]]
for a random variable represented by a probability distribution.
%%
## Normal PDF ## Normal PDF
```tikz ```tikz
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tags: tags:
- destiny/uncertain - destiny/uncertain
- topic/estimating - topic/estimating
- topic/math
- type/idea - type/idea
- authorship/llm - authorship/llm
title: Functional Estimating title: Functional Estimating
@@ -13,7 +12,7 @@ title: Functional Estimating
This note is LLM output This note is LLM output
intended to illustrate the problem intended to illustrate the problem
of [[uncertainty]] in [[construction-estimating]] of [[uncertainty]] in [[construction-estimating]]
using mathematical concepts and notation. using [[math]] concepts and notation.
%% %%
Suppose a function Suppose a function
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--- ---
title: Game Theory title: Game Theory
tags: tags:
- topic/math
- topic/strategy - topic/strategy
- type/encyclopedia - type/encyclopedia
--- ---
# Game Theory # Game Theory
%%
[[math]] subdiscipline?
determine optimal or most likely [[strategy]]
%%
## Domains ## Domains
* [[auction-theory]] * [[auction-theory]]
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---
title: Geometry
tags: []
---
# Geometry
[[math]]
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--- ---
# Hilltop Gardens # Hilltop Gardens
[[pdi-building-types#Garden Style]]
6 buildings + clubhouse 6 buildings + clubhouse
3 building types 3 building types
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--- ---
tags: tags:
- status/draft - status/draft
- topic/math
- topic/risk - topic/risk
- type/encyclopedia-entry - type/encyclopedia-entry
title: Monte Carlo Methods title: Monte Carlo Methods
--- ---
# Monte Carlo Methods # Monte Carlo Methods
%%
relevant to [[statistics]]
%%
> [!quote] [Monte Carlo methods](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Monte_Carlo_method) > [!quote] [Monte Carlo methods](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Monte_Carlo_method)
> Monte Carlo methods or Monte Carlo experiments, > Monte Carlo methods or Monte Carlo experiments,
> are a broad class of computational algorithms > are a broad class of computational algorithms
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---
id: 2026-04-27
title: 2026-04-27
tags: []
weekly: "[[2026w18]]"
monthly: "[[2026-04]]"
quarterly: "[[2026q2]]"
previous: "[[2026-04-26]]"
---
# 2026-04-27
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--- ---
title: Realization title: Realization
tags: tags: []
- topic/math/statistics
--- ---
# Realization # Realization
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--- ---
tags:
- topic/math
- type/encyclopedia-entry
title: Sigmoid Functions title: Sigmoid Functions
tags:
- type/encyclopedia-entry
--- ---
# Sigmoid Functions # Sigmoid Functions
![[sigmoid-function-example.excalidraw]] ![[sigmoid-function-example.excalidraw]]
$f'(x)$ is a **sigmoid** function. $f'(x)$ is a **sigmoid** [[function]].
A sigmoid function compresses a function with infinite range to (0,1) A sigmoid function compresses a function with infinite range to (0,1)
@@ -3,7 +3,6 @@ title: Statistical Modeling for Construction Estimating
tags: tags:
- topic/construction - topic/construction
- topic/estimating - topic/estimating
- topic/math/statistics
- type/cross-topic - type/cross-topic
--- ---
# Statistical Modeling for Construction Estimating # Statistical Modeling for Construction Estimating
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--- ---
title: Statistical Modeling title: Statistical Modeling
tags: tags:
- topic/math/statistics
- type/encyclopedia-entry - type/encyclopedia-entry
--- ---
# Statistical Modeling # Statistical Modeling
**Statistical modeling**
uses [[statistics]] to forecast uncertain events
Bayesian inference is a method of **statistical inference**, Bayesian inference is a method of **statistical inference**,
the practice of analyzing and describing the practice of analyzing and describing
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--- ---
title: Statistical Significance
tags: tags:
- authorship/other-for-now - authorship/other-for-now
- topic/math/statistics - type/encyclopedia-entry
- type/encyclopedia
title: Statistical Significance
--- ---
# Statistical Significance # Statistical Significance
In [[statistics]]
> [!quote] [Statistical significance - Wikipedia](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Statistical_significance) > [!quote] [Statistical significance - Wikipedia](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Statistical_significance)
> In statistical hypothesis testing, > In statistical hypothesis testing,
> a result has statistical significance > a result has statistical significance
@@ -21,7 +22,7 @@ title: Statistical Significance
> is the probability of obtaining a result at least as extreme, > is the probability of obtaining a result at least as extreme,
> given that the null hypothesis is true. > given that the null hypothesis is true.
> The result is said to be statistically significant, > The result is said to be statistically significant,
> by the standards of the study, when $p \leq \alpha$ > by the standards of the study, when $p \leq \alpha$...
> >
> The significance level for a study > The significance level for a study
> is chosen before data collection, > is chosen before data collection,
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--- ---
id: 2025-07-18T00:00:00-0400 id: 2025-07-18T00:00:00-0400
title: 2025-07-18 ??:??:?? title: 2025-07-18 ??:??:??
tags: tags: []
- topic/construction
- topic/estimating
daily: "[[2025-07-18]]" daily: "[[2025-07-18]]"
--- ---
# 2025-07-18 ??:??:?? # 2025-07-18 ??:??:??
## Estimating Isn't Engineering ## Estimating Isn't Engineering
%%
Anecdote criticizing the common preference for [[information]]
in [[construction-estimating]],
or maybe the common frustration when it isn't provided.
%%
A peer recently expressed frustration to me A peer recently expressed frustration to me
about the declining quality of construction drawings, about the declining quality of construction drawings,
specifically how systems are often missing details specifically how systems are often missing details
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## "Bad Bid Practice" ## "Bad Bid Practice"
%%
Anecdote criticizing the common adversarial model
of subcontractor-GC relations
(or more generally contractor-customer)
in [[construction-contracting]].
My position is that
deliberately hiding information from the customer
(lacking [[transparency]] in interactions)
always costs the contractor
more than they stand to gain from it.
%%
I might be reprimanded for the things I've said about deceptive bid practices I might be reprimanded for the things I've said about deceptive bid practices
were I to repeat them to the wrong person, were I to repeat them to the wrong person,
but I can't, in good conscience, take them back. but I can't, in good conscience, take them back.
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--- ---
id: 2026-01-30T16:29:00-0500 id: 2026-01-30T16:29:00-0500
title: 2026-01-30 16:29:?? title: 2026-01-30 16:29:??
tags: tags: []
- topic/math/statistics
daily: "[[2026-01-30]]" daily: "[[2026-01-30]]"
--- ---
# 2026-01-30 16:29:?? # 2026-01-30 16:29:??
## New Statistics Concepts
[[statistics]] topics researched while reading
[[hubbard_2025_project-management]]:
### Laplace's Rule of Succession (LRS) ### Laplace's Rule of Succession (LRS)
> [!info] > [!info]
@@ -20,7 +24,11 @@ $$
\frac{1+m}{2+n} \frac{1+m}{2+n}
$$ $$
### Rule of Five ### "Rule of Five"
> Hubbard et al. speak of this "rule"
> as if it's well known by that name,
> but I can't corroborate that.
The probability that any given sample is above the median is 50%. The probability that any given sample is above the median is 50%.
The probability that the minimum and maximum values of $n$ samples The probability that the minimum and maximum values of $n$ samples
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@@ -15,6 +15,7 @@ daily: "[[2026-04-23]]"
Note extensive emergency power provisions Note extensive emergency power provisions
verify control wiring for generator to ATS verify control wiring for generator to ATS
#### Lighting HR's #### Lighting HR's
count of circuits, control zones in takeoff notes count of circuits, control zones in takeoff notes
@@ -36,6 +37,7 @@ extended light layouts
ASL Column 2 with adjustments ASL Column 2 with adjustments
Site Labor +50% Site Labor +50%
#### Telecom Backbone #### Telecom Backbone
#### Medium Voltage #### Medium Voltage
@@ -45,6 +47,7 @@ Medium voltage cabling downstream of
#### Underground Runs #### Underground Runs
need rigid 90's for PVC runs 200ft and above need rigid 90's for PVC runs 200ft and above
> horizontal? vertical? both? > horizontal? vertical? both?
#### Fixture Labor #### Fixture Labor
@@ -59,7 +62,8 @@ assuming each crystal is an individual fixture
over 5000 crystals over 5000 crystals
80 circuits 80 circuits
A-GAM-442 Arch set A-GAM-442
##### Dragon Fixture ##### Dragon Fixture
1000 hours 1000 hours
@@ -75,6 +79,7 @@ or "Standalone" with Network Bridges.
#### DAS #### DAS
Sold Design Build Sold Design Build
#### Historicals #### Historicals
Want to know Want to know
@@ -97,4 +102,3 @@ Extra cost for facade lighting install
250,000 250,000
"Go to 150k" "Go to 150k"
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---
id: 2026-04-27T10:05:24-0400
title: 2026-04-27 10:05:24
tags: []
daily: "[[2026-04-27]]"
---
# 2026-04-27 10:05:24
## Minimum Wire Size for Small Garage Buildings
Relevant to [[electrical-takeoff]] and [[fixtures-takeoff]]:
[[hilltop-gardens]] has 3 separate garage buildings,
each with 12 isolated bays.
The buildings are about 70ft long,
with all runs less than 100ft.
I asked [[joel-jansen]] if it would be necessary
to use minimum 10 AWG
as is [[conest]] standard
for [[pdi-breakdowns#Bid Item Garage|Garage]].
He said it would not be,
and confirmed 12 AWG is acceptable in this case.
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---
id: 2026-04-27T12:19:33-0400
title: 2026-04-27 12:19:33
tags: []
daily: "[[2026-04-27]]"
---
# 2026-04-27 12:19:33
It is common in [[construction-contracting]]
when offering [[value-engineering]] options
or deductive [[change-orders]] to the customer
to offer deducts less than your estimated value
for the scope to be deducted.
I'm sure in the wider industry
the practice not maliciously motivated,
only intended to cover the cost of estimating,
but this is rarely communicated to junior estimators
and never to the customer.
In my own experience with it
while with my previous employer,
it was only ever justified as
"because we can, because they don't know".
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---
id: 2026-04-27T12:43:54-0400
title: 2026-04-27 12:43:54
tags: []
daily: "[[2026-04-27]]"
---
# 2026-04-27 12:43:54
## Voltage Drop for ConEst
Continuing a recent conversation
I've been having with [[joel-jansen]]
on [[voltage-drop]],
both ideally and for application in [[conest]],
Joel brought Bill Swan with Estimating Solutions
over to my desk.
Bill said that when he is calculating voltage drop
he doesn't the ubiquitous "Voltage Drop Calc 2011.xlsx"
which uses a simple DC calculation,
he uses [[pdi-vdc]]'s calculator,
which is based on AC resistance and reactance.
I showed them my own calculator,
which also has AC capability
The difference
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---
id: 2026-04-27T12:56:35-0400
title: 2026-04-27 12:56:35
tags: []
daily: "[[2026-04-27]]"
---
# 2026-04-27 12:56:35
## Virginia Live! Internal Review
[[virginia-live-casino-and-hotel]]
Underfloor power is Reloc.
Customer is curious if it would be more cost effective to use MC.
Objective is to discuss closeout mainly:
quotes and subs.
FF&E
Concern that all fixtures are captured
"add a line for aiming and testing"
1 week (80 hours)
Shift rate
"in the past we've paid a little more for night work,
but nothing crazy"
$2,500 per day scaffold
### Site Services
Ditch witches for most excavation
idea floated to buy equipment rather than rent
bobcat
wire puller
hydraulic bender
Do we own dewatering?
pretty sure yes
### MV Terminations
No one at PDI can perform MV terms
so they must be subbed out
worst case $300k
9 terms $60k
to be quoted by Ops
### Testing
primary injection testing
NETA testing
to be quoted by Ops
### Rigging
Ops quoted $85k to take one generator off the truck.
to be quoted by Ops
### Burden
PTO not included in burden
because it is not charged to the job
### Admin Housing
Ops paying $4,500 for 6-bed
### Composite Cleanup
terms in contract
### Permits
to be quoted by Ops