66 lines
2.0 KiB
Markdown
66 lines
2.0 KiB
Markdown
---
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title: Uncommon Syntax
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tags:
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- type/encyclopedia
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up: "[[writing]]"
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---
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# Uncommon Syntax
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* [**i.e.**](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/List_of_Latin_phrases_(I)#id_est)
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--- _id est_ ("that is")
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* [**e.g.**](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Exempli_gratia)
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--- _exempli gratia_ ("for example")
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* [**viz.**](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Viz.)
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--- _videlicet_, from _videre licet_ ("which is")
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> In contrast to i.e. and e.g.,
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> viz. is used to indicate a detailed description of something stated before,
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> and when it precedes a list of group members,
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> it implies (near) completeness.
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## Symbols
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* $\therefore$
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* $\vdash$ --- turnstile,
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denotes logical consequence
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* $\vDash$ or $\models$ --- double turnstile,
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denotes [semantic](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Semantic "Semantic") consequence
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> [!quote] [Double turnstile - Wikipedia](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Double_turnstile)
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> read as
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> "[entails](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Logical_consequence "Logical consequence")",
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> "[models](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Model_theory "Model theory")",
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> "is a **semantic consequence** of"
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> or "is stronger than".
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### Compound Points
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> [!cite] [Compound point - Wikipedia](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Compound_point)
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> * **;---** --- Semicolon dash.
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> A more emphatic or longer semicolon.
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>
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> * **.---** --- Stop dash.
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> A full stop that emphasizes the sentence it starts.
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>
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> * **,---** --- Comma dash.
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> A mark used in various ways:
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> to mark parentheticals
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> that are placed where a comma would otherwise be needed
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> in the principal sentence;
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> to mark an idea repeated in different words;
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> as a more emphatic comma;
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> or for separating several clauses with a common dependence
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> from the clause on which they depend.
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>
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> * **:---** --- Colon dash.
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> A mark that indicates a list, the contents of which start on the next line; or as a more emphatic colon.
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These are archaic constructions,
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generally regarded as redundant.
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Thoreau uses them extensively in _[[thoreau_1854_walden|Walden]]_.
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