138 lines
3.5 KiB
Markdown
138 lines
3.5 KiB
Markdown
---
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title: Lighting Controls
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tags:
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- topic/construction/electrical
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- type/encyclopedia
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---
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# Lighting Controls
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## Sensor Types
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* Occupancy
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* Vacancy
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* Daylight
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* Partition
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## Occupancy/Vacancy Sensor Technologies
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* Passive Infrared (PIR)
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* Ultrasonic
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* "Dual Tech" (PIR and ultrasonic)
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## Switching/Communication
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Dimming Terms
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* **trim** --- refers to the minimum and maximum brightness levels
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(low-end and high-end trim respectively)
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a dimmer will reach. Usually adjustable.
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### Line Voltage
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120--347VAC
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### Low Voltage
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24V Class 2 control circuit
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### Digital
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#### Generic "Standalone"
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The examples below are typical of a generic system,
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with functionally identical features and topologies.
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Includes wired (via [[twisted-pair-cable]] and 8P8C "RJ-45" connectors)
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and wireless (via RF) communication.
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* [Legrand Wattstopper Digital Light Management (DLM)](https://www.legrand.us/solutions/digital-lighting-management)
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* [Acuity nLight®](https://nlight.acuitybrands.com/overview)
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* [Lutron Vive](https://commercial.lutron.com/us/en/commercial-systems/vive)
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* [Cooper Greengate](https://www.cooperlighting.com/global/brands/greengate)
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#### Digital Addressable Lighting Interface (DALI) ^dali
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[Digital Addressable Lighting Interface](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Digital_Addressable_Lighting_Interface)
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Open protocol defined by [IEC 62386](https://www.dali-alliance.org/standards/IEC62386.html).
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4-Conductor Class 2 control circuit
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%%
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Lutron's QS bares some resemblance to DALI.
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%%
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#### Digital Multiplex (DMX) ^dmx
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[DMX512](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/DMX512)
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DMX512-A defined in ANSI E1.11-2008
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Shielded [[twisted-pair-cable]] with XLR or 8P8C "RJ-45" connectors
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#### See Also
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> [!quote] [BACnet](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/BACnet)
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> **BACnet** is a communication protocol
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> for building automation and control (BAC) networks.
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> It is defined by **ANSI/ASHRAE 135** and **ISO 16484-5**.
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[[twisted-pair-cable]]
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## Dimming Technologies
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* Triac (Line voltage dim)
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* Analog (0-10V dim)
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* Digital
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All these control methods are likely to appear in drawings.
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### 0-10V Dimming
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[0-10 V lighting control](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/0-10_V_lighting_control)
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In conduit:
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```
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Southwire 64350501
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SIMpull® 16/2 Low Voltage Signal Cable, Blue
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```
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This method is compliant with
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[[nfpa-70_725_control-circuits#725.136(I) Other Applications.|NEC 725.136(I)(1)]],
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which allows control circuits to share a raceway with power conductors
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if either all of the power conductors or all of the control conductors
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are themselves in a raceway,
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or in metal-sheathed, metal-clad, non--metallic-sheathed, or Type UF cable.
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### Triac Dimming
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Triac dimmers work by chopping the AC power waveform.
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This reduces the output power, so the lamp dims.
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> [!info]
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> "Triac" refers to the electronic component
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> that does the wave-chopping.
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#### Subtypes
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There are two subtypes based on which side of the wave is chopped.
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* **Magnetic Low Voltage (MLV)** -- AKA "Leading Edge" or "Forward Phase"
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* **Electronic Low Voltage (ELV)** -- AKA "Trailing Edge" or "Reverse Phase"
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The "magnetic" and "electronic" of MLV and ELV
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are holdovers from pre-LED days,
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having nothing to do with how they are used today.
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They are, unfortunately, the most common terms.
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> [!important]
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> "Triac" is sometimes used in contrast to ELV erroneously to mean MLV
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There also exist "universal" or "phase select" dimmers,
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which can be switched between the two subtypes.
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### Digital Dimming
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> [!info]
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> It is likely that "digitally dimmed" fixtures are 0-10V dimmed internally.
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