44 lines
1.6 KiB
Markdown
44 lines
1.6 KiB
Markdown
---
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tags:
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- authorship/other-for-now
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- topic/math/statistics
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- type/encyclopedia
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title: Statistical Significance
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---
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# Statistical Significance
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> [!quote] [Statistical significance - Wikipedia](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Statistical_significance)
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> In statistical hypothesis testing,
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> a result has statistical significance
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> when a result at least as "extreme"
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> would be very infrequent if the null hypothesis were true.
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>
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> More precisely,
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> a study's defined **significance level**, denoted by $\alpha$,
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> is the probability of the study rejecting the null hypothesis,
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> given that the null hypothesis is true;
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> and the p-value of a result, $p$,
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> is the probability of obtaining a result at least as extreme,
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> given that the null hypothesis is true.
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> The result is said to be statistically significant,
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> by the standards of the study, when $p \leq \alpha$
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>
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> The significance level for a study
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> is chosen before data collection,
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> and is typically set to 5% or much lower---
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> depending on the field of study.
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>
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> The [**null hypothesis**](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Null_hypothesis)
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> (often denoted $H_{0}$)
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> is the claim that the effect being studied does not exist,
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> or that no relationship exists
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> between two sets of data or variables being analyzed.
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>
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> If the null hypothesis is true,
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> any experimentally observed effect is due to chance alone.
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>
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> In research,
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> the researcher develops an [**alternative hypothesis**](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Alternative_hypothesis)
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> (often denoted $H_{A}$ or $H_{1}$)
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> which claims that an effect or relationship _does_ exist.
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