vault backup: 2026-03-03 14:58:23
This commit is contained in:
@@ -91,7 +91,7 @@ $$
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|||||||
where $\mathrm{Var}[C]$ is the [variance](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Variance)
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where $\mathrm{Var}[C]$ is the [variance](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Variance)
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and $\lambda>0$ is a risk-loading parameter.
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and $\lambda>0$ is a risk-loading parameter.
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> This mirrors mean-variance pricing common in portfolio theory.
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> This mirrors mean-variance pricing common in [[modern-portfolio-theory]].
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## 3. Quantile-based pricing
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## 3. Quantile-based pricing
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@@ -27,7 +27,7 @@ Still deciding if I'm capable of being opinionated without rambling.
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* [[estimating-methodologies]]
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* [[estimating-methodologies]]
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* [[construction-estimating-software]]
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* [[construction-estimating-software]]
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* [[history-of-construction-estimating]]
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* [[history-of-construction-estimating]]
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* [[labor-factoring]]
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* [[estimate-laboring]]
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### New Cross-Topics
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### New Cross-Topics
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@@ -32,7 +32,7 @@ For philosophy see [[bid-process-strategy]]
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* [[history-of-construction-estimating]]
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* [[history-of-construction-estimating]]
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* [[estimating-methodologies]]
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* [[estimating-methodologies]]
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* [[construction-estimating-software]]
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* [[construction-estimating-software]]
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* [[labor-factoring]]
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* [[estimate-laboring]]
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### Cross-Topics
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### Cross-Topics
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@@ -54,7 +54,7 @@ Those around elevator shafts form a "shear core".
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> [!info] Reference
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> [!info] Reference
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> * [Concrete Slab | Different types of Slabs in Construction](https://www.constructioncost.co/slabs-in-construction.html)
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> * [Concrete Slab | Different types of Slabs in Construction](https://www.constructioncost.co/slabs-in-construction.html)
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> * [Concrete Slab Types -- Construction, Cost, and Applications -- theconstructor.org](https://theconstructor.org/practical-guide/concrete-slab-construction-cost/28153/)
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> * [Concrete Slab Types -- Construction, Cost, and Applications | theconstructor.org](https://theconstructor.org/practical-guide/concrete-slab-construction-cost/28153/)
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### Conventional Slab
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### Conventional Slab
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@@ -6,6 +6,7 @@ tags:
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- destiny/permanent
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- destiny/permanent
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- status/incomplete
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- status/incomplete
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- type/guide
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- type/guide
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- topic/hobbies/digitizing
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title: Converting Documents to Markdown
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title: Converting Documents to Markdown
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dg-publish: true
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dg-publish: true
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---
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---
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+5
-2
@@ -2,7 +2,7 @@
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id:
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id:
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aliases: []
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aliases: []
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tags:
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tags:
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- authorship/original
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- authorship/other-for-now
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- destiny/permanent
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- destiny/permanent
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- status/incomplete
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- status/incomplete
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- topic/math
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- topic/math
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@@ -12,7 +12,10 @@ dg-publish: true
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---
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---
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# Convex Hull
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# Convex Hull
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|
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[Convex Hull](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Convex_hull)
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> [!quote] [Wikipedia](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Convex_hull)
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|
> the **convex hull**, **convex envelope** or **convex closure** of a shape
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> is the smallest [convex set](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Convex_set "Convex set")
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> that contains it.
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```tikz
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```tikz
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\usepackage{pgfplots}
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\usepackage{pgfplots}
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@@ -12,6 +12,8 @@ dg-publish: true
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# C\#
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# C\#
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|
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C\# (read "C sharp", like the [[music-theory|musical]] symbol)
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C\# (read "C sharp", like the [[music-theory|musical]] symbol)
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|
is modern high-level [[programming-languages|language]]
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supporting [[object-oriented-programing|object-oriented]] patterns.
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It is the sane man's Java.
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It is the sane man's Java.
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@@ -51,7 +51,7 @@ see [[complaints]] for how you can help me fix it.
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### Broken Links
|
### Broken Links
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||||||
|
|
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The private repository from which this site is built includes copyrighted materials,
|
The private repository from which this site is built includes copyrighted materials,
|
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(which I own and have personally digitized, as is my right by case law)
|
(which I own and have personally digitized, as is my right, supported by case law)
|
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of note, nearly the entirety of the [[nfpa-70_national-electric-code|NEC]],
|
of note, nearly the entirety of the [[nfpa-70_national-electric-code|NEC]],
|
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which [[conductor-sizing]] and [[alternating-current]] frequently reference.
|
which [[conductor-sizing]] and [[alternating-current]] frequently reference.
|
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Because this website is public I choose not to publish those materials here,
|
Because this website is public I choose not to publish those materials here,
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@@ -113,7 +113,7 @@ much more so to dismiss the tests used to prove the validity of statistical meth
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|
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### False Lucky Fools
|
### False Lucky Fools
|
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|
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Taleb repeatedly conflates legitimate lucky fools
|
Taleb repeatedly conflates legitimate [[lucky-fools|lucky fools]]
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and people with ideas he doesn't like.
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and people with ideas he doesn't like.
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|
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> [[hubbard_2020_failure]]
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> [[hubbard_2020_failure]]
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@@ -133,12 +133,11 @@ One of many problems with this presentation
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is that John is described as young, inexperienced,
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is that John is described as young, inexperienced,
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and of low intelligence.
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and of low intelligence.
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John is a typical lucky fool:
|
John is a typical lucky fool:
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there is no indication that he has any strategy,
|
there is no indication that he has _any_ strategy,
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much less that he is practicing modern portfolio theory.
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much less that he is practicing [[modern-portfolio-theory]].
|
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|
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If I mistake Taleb's intent,
|
If I mistake Taleb's intent,
|
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and the story was only meant to convey
|
and the story was only meant to convey
|
||||||
that experienced, conscientious, and cautious decision-making
|
that experienced, conscientious, and cautious decision-making
|
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_can_ lead a person to success,
|
_can_ lead a person to success,
|
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then I'm not sure who he's arguing against.
|
then I'm not sure who he's arguing against.
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|
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+19
-7
@@ -22,6 +22,15 @@ With that heuristic,
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one can closely approximate small dimensions,
|
one can closely approximate small dimensions,
|
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even without the proper tools.
|
even without the proper tools.
|
||||||
|
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|
It is tempting to believe that heuristics are not ideal,
|
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|
that the most accurate method ought to be preferred.
|
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|
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|
%%
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|
even using a ruler is a heuristic,
|
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|
subject to the tool's tolerance
|
||||||
|
and reliant on its proper use.
|
||||||
|
%%
|
||||||
|
|
||||||
## Realism vs. Instrumentalism
|
## Realism vs. Instrumentalism
|
||||||
|
|
||||||
Realism holds that the purpose of [scientific research](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Research)
|
Realism holds that the purpose of [scientific research](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Research)
|
||||||
@@ -29,6 +38,16 @@ is to describe the world as accurately as possible.
|
|||||||
Instrumentalism (anti-realism) argues that the purpose
|
Instrumentalism (anti-realism) argues that the purpose
|
||||||
is to _forecast as accurately as possible_.
|
is to _forecast as accurately as possible_.
|
||||||
|
|
||||||
|
> [!quote] _Opinionated History of Mathematics_, "Did Copernicus steal ideas from Islamic astronomers?" (pp.)
|
||||||
|
> Ptolemy's lunar model is "flawed"
|
||||||
|
> in that it inaccurately describes Luna's distance from Earth,
|
||||||
|
> however Ptolemy only ever used the model to predict eclipses,
|
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|
> which the model does very well.
|
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|
> The discrepancy is only a flaw from a realist perspective.
|
||||||
|
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||||||
|
Realism is noble, granted,
|
||||||
|
but instrumentalism is far more practical.
|
||||||
|
|
||||||
> [!quote] George E. P. Box, British statistician
|
> [!quote] George E. P. Box, British statistician
|
||||||
> All models are wrong, but some are useful.[^1]
|
> All models are wrong, but some are useful.[^1]
|
||||||
|
|
||||||
@@ -37,10 +56,3 @@ is to _forecast as accurately as possible_.
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> does not necessarily detract from its usefulness
|
> does not necessarily detract from its usefulness
|
||||||
> because all models are approximations.
|
> because all models are approximations.
|
||||||
> Essentially, all models are wrong, but some are useful.
|
> Essentially, all models are wrong, but some are useful.
|
||||||
|
|
||||||
> [!quote] _Opinionated History of Mathematics_, "Did Copernicus steal ideas from Islamic astronomers?" (pp.)
|
|
||||||
> Ptolemy's lunar model is "flawed"
|
|
||||||
> in that it inaccurately describes Luna's distance from Earth,
|
|
||||||
> however Ptolemy only ever used the model to predict eclipses,
|
|
||||||
> which the model does very well.
|
|
||||||
> The discrepancy is only a flaw from a realist perspective.
|
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|
|||||||
@@ -158,14 +158,16 @@ He wrote *The Black Swan* and other books critical of common practice in risk ma
|
|||||||
especially in (but not limited to) the financial world,
|
especially in (but not limited to) the financial world,
|
||||||
as well as the nonquantitative hubris of Wall Street.
|
as well as the nonquantitative hubris of Wall Street.
|
||||||
|
|
||||||
A heretic of financial convention, he argues that Nobel Prize---
|
A heretic of financial convention,
|
||||||
winning modern portfolio theory and options theory (briefly mentioned in chapter 5)
|
he argues that Nobel Prize-winning modern portfolio theory and options theory
|
||||||
|
(briefly mentioned in chapter 5)
|
||||||
are fundamentally flawed and are in fact no better than astrology.
|
are fundamentally flawed and are in fact no better than astrology.
|
||||||
In fact, Taleb considers this prize is itself an intellectual fraud.
|
In fact, Taleb considers this prize is itself an intellectual fraud.
|
||||||
After all, as he rightly points out, it was not established in the will of Alfred Nobel,
|
After all, as he rightly points out,
|
||||||
|
it was not established in the will of Alfred Nobel,
|
||||||
but by the Royal Bank of Sweden seventy-five years after Nobel's death.
|
but by the Royal Bank of Sweden seventy-five years after Nobel's death.
|
||||||
He even claims that once, in a public forum, he riled up one such prizewinner
|
He even claims that once, in a public forum,
|
||||||
to the point of red-faced, fist-pounding anger.
|
he riled up one such prizewinner to the point of red-faced, fist-pounding anger.
|
||||||
|
|
||||||
Taleb bases a lot of his thesis on the fact that the impact of chance
|
Taleb bases a lot of his thesis on the fact that the impact of chance
|
||||||
is unappreciated by mostly everyone.
|
is unappreciated by mostly everyone.
|
||||||
|
|||||||
@@ -46,7 +46,7 @@ familiarity requires maintenance.
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|
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||||||
## TALK
|
## TALK
|
||||||
|
|
||||||
Expertise as heuristics and biases
|
Expertise as [[heuristics]] and biases
|
||||||
[Daniel Kahneman](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Daniel_Kahneman)
|
[[kahneman_2011_thinking]]
|
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|
|
||||||
%%
|
%%
|
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|
|||||||
@@ -0,0 +1,20 @@
|
|||||||
|
---
|
||||||
|
id:
|
||||||
|
aliases: []
|
||||||
|
title: Lucky Fools
|
||||||
|
tags:
|
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|
- authorship/original
|
||||||
|
- destiny/permanent
|
||||||
|
- status/incomplete
|
||||||
|
---
|
||||||
|
# Lucky Fools
|
||||||
|
|
||||||
|
A lucky fool is someone who stumbled into success
|
||||||
|
in a field where competence is normally prerequisite.
|
||||||
|
|
||||||
|
%%
|
||||||
|
Books concerned with lucky fools:
|
||||||
|
[[hubbard_2020_failure]]
|
||||||
|
[[taleb_2001_fooled-by-randomness]]
|
||||||
|
[[kahneman_2011_thinking]]
|
||||||
|
%%
|
||||||
@@ -0,0 +1,15 @@
|
|||||||
|
---
|
||||||
|
id:
|
||||||
|
aliases: []
|
||||||
|
title: Modern Portfolio Theory
|
||||||
|
tags:
|
||||||
|
- authorship/other-for-now
|
||||||
|
- destiny/permanent
|
||||||
|
- status/not-started
|
||||||
|
---
|
||||||
|
# Modern Portfolio Theory
|
||||||
|
|
||||||
|
> [!quote] [Wikipedia](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Modern_portfolio_theory)
|
||||||
|
> Modern portfolio theory (MPT), or mean-variance analysis,
|
||||||
|
> is a mathematical framework for assembling a portfolio of assets
|
||||||
|
> such that the expected return is maximized for a given level of risk.
|
||||||
@@ -36,4 +36,4 @@ Solves database conflicts by pinning estimates to a commit.
|
|||||||
|
|
||||||
* [[breakdown-objects]]
|
* [[breakdown-objects]]
|
||||||
* [[assembly-objects]]
|
* [[assembly-objects]]
|
||||||
* [[labor-factoring]]
|
* [[estimate-laboring]]
|
||||||
|
|||||||
@@ -32,7 +32,7 @@ especially with [Obsidian](https://www.google.com/search?q=getting+started+with+
|
|||||||
Note that PKM gets a lot of hype from productivity influencers
|
Note that PKM gets a lot of hype from productivity influencers
|
||||||
so you may leave some of those videos feeling like you need to pick up bouldering.
|
so you may leave some of those videos feeling like you need to pick up bouldering.
|
||||||
|
|
||||||
It speaks to the highly personal nature of PKM that of these hundreds
|
It speaks to the highly personal nature of PKM that, of these hundreds,
|
||||||
there is no consensus larger than two on best practice.
|
there is no consensus larger than two on best practice.
|
||||||
|
|
||||||
## See Also
|
## See Also
|
||||||
|
|||||||
+2
-2
@@ -35,7 +35,7 @@ requires a thorough understanding and accurate quantization of their
|
|||||||
* fitness goals
|
* fitness goals
|
||||||
* preference for ice cream relative to other desert options
|
* preference for ice cream relative to other desert options
|
||||||
* natural tendency to form unhealthy habits
|
* natural tendency to form unhealthy habits
|
||||||
among many others.
|
among many other factors.
|
||||||
|
|
||||||
For an individual who strongly values their health and physical fitness,
|
For an individual who strongly values their health and physical fitness,
|
||||||
the knowledge that they would be acting in violation of those values
|
the knowledge that they would be acting in violation of those values
|
||||||
@@ -43,7 +43,7 @@ skews the calculation so far to the negative
|
|||||||
that internal debate is unnecessary.
|
that internal debate is unnecessary.
|
||||||
|
|
||||||
Frequently, individuals are capable of effectively rationalizing their values
|
Frequently, individuals are capable of effectively rationalizing their values
|
||||||
(it's not difficult to imagine that all variables considered,
|
(it's not difficult to imagine that, all variables considered,
|
||||||
the objective utility of the additional ice cream is negative for most people).
|
the objective utility of the additional ice cream is negative for most people).
|
||||||
In this way they are behavioral [[heuristics]]:
|
In this way they are behavioral [[heuristics]]:
|
||||||
subjective utility
|
subjective utility
|
||||||
|
|||||||
@@ -80,7 +80,7 @@ Expert opinion is valuable, but its weaknesses must be compensated for.
|
|||||||
|
|
||||||
%% TODO: %%
|
%% TODO: %%
|
||||||
|
|
||||||
Experts tend to be good at creating heuristics,
|
Experts tend to be good at creating [[heuristics]],
|
||||||
but do not apply them consistently in practice.
|
but do not apply them consistently in practice.
|
||||||
|
|
||||||
> [!example]
|
> [!example]
|
||||||
@@ -122,6 +122,8 @@ This the unstated other half of the **law of large numbers**
|
|||||||
> there was a ~30% chance an individual would achieve The Red Baron's record
|
> there was a ~30% chance an individual would achieve The Red Baron's record
|
||||||
> _by luck alone_.
|
> _by luck alone_.
|
||||||
|
|
||||||
|
That is, there is a 30% chance The Red Baron was a [[lucky-fools|lucky fool]]
|
||||||
|
|
||||||
He later refers to the popular tendency
|
He later refers to the popular tendency
|
||||||
to overvalue competence and undervalue luck
|
to overvalue competence and undervalue luck
|
||||||
in the role of achieving improbable accomplishments
|
in the role of achieving improbable accomplishments
|
||||||
@@ -168,7 +170,7 @@ For risk-neutral parties, expected value would equal CME
|
|||||||
***
|
***
|
||||||
|
|
||||||
Another factor at play here
|
Another factor at play here
|
||||||
is that utility is not proportional to monetary value.
|
is that [[utility]] is not proportional to monetary value.
|
||||||
|
|
||||||
Consider these additional choices:
|
Consider these additional choices:
|
||||||
|
|
||||||
|
|||||||
@@ -1,11 +1,12 @@
|
|||||||
---
|
---
|
||||||
id:
|
id:
|
||||||
aliases: []
|
aliases: []
|
||||||
title:
|
title: The Henry Tower Two
|
||||||
tags:
|
tags:
|
||||||
- authorship/original
|
- authorship/original
|
||||||
- destiny/permanent
|
- destiny/permanent
|
||||||
- status/not-started
|
|
||||||
- occupational/project
|
- occupational/project
|
||||||
|
- status/not-started
|
||||||
dg-publish: true
|
dg-publish: true
|
||||||
---
|
---
|
||||||
|
# The Henry Tower Two
|
||||||
|
|||||||
+1
-1
@@ -61,7 +61,7 @@ My response is simply that it's fun to write like this.
|
|||||||
|
|
||||||
## Conventions
|
## Conventions
|
||||||
|
|
||||||
### Semantic Line Breaks
|
### Text Wrapping
|
||||||
|
|
||||||
I didn't like them at first,
|
I didn't like them at first,
|
||||||
but this notebook uses [[semantic-line-breaks]]
|
but this notebook uses [[semantic-line-breaks]]
|
||||||
|
|||||||
@@ -40,7 +40,7 @@ it is not cost-effective[^1] to allow it to take four.[^2]
|
|||||||
|
|
||||||
[^1]: "Cost" referring both to estimator salaries and the opportunity cost of declined bids.
|
[^1]: "Cost" referring both to estimator salaries and the opportunity cost of declined bids.
|
||||||
|
|
||||||
[^2]: Supposing a contractor maintained a modern portfolio theory styled record of estimates
|
[^2]: Supposing a contractor maintained a [[modern-portfolio-theory]] styled record of estimates
|
||||||
including pending bids, and projects ongoing and completed
|
including pending bids, and projects ongoing and completed
|
||||||
(each with confidence estimates),
|
(each with confidence estimates),
|
||||||
uncorrupted by [[estimating-culture#Incentives|perverse incentives]],
|
uncorrupted by [[estimating-culture#Incentives|perverse incentives]],
|
||||||
|
|||||||
@@ -71,12 +71,12 @@ What's being done to prevent it from re-emerging?
|
|||||||
It is my belief that the most practical solution
|
It is my belief that the most practical solution
|
||||||
is the frequent rotation of estimators in senior teams.
|
is the frequent rotation of estimators in senior teams.
|
||||||
It is in the interest of estimators
|
It is in the interest of estimators
|
||||||
that their personal heuristics not depend on who they're working for,
|
that their personal [[heuristics]] not depend on who they're working for,
|
||||||
so they can be expected to call attention to inconsistency
|
so they can be expected to call attention to inconsistency
|
||||||
allowing it to be addressed permanently.
|
allowing it to be addressed permanently.
|
||||||
|
|
||||||
The only other option I can imagine
|
The only other option I can imagine
|
||||||
is to document exact procedures for every scenario,
|
is to document _exact_ procedures for _every_ scenario,
|
||||||
which is obviously foolhardy.
|
which is obviously foolhardy.
|
||||||
|
|
||||||
### Less Important
|
### Less Important
|
||||||
|
|||||||
+9
-2
@@ -13,11 +13,18 @@ dg-publish: true
|
|||||||
# Utility
|
# Utility
|
||||||
|
|
||||||
[Utility](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Utility)
|
[Utility](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Utility)
|
||||||
is a measure of a party's satisfaction
|
is a measure of a party's **satisfaction**
|
||||||
with a certain state of the world.
|
with a certain state of the world.
|
||||||
|
|
||||||
The measure is intended to account for unintuitive quirks of human perception of value.
|
The measure is intended to account for unintuitive quirks of human perception of value.
|
||||||
A rich man is not as satisfied with receiving one dollar as a poor man,
|
A rich man is not as _satisfied_ by receiving one dollar as a poor man would be,
|
||||||
therefore the utility of the dollar is contextual, not objective.
|
therefore the utility of the dollar is contextual, not objective.
|
||||||
|
|
||||||
[Sorites paradox in utility theory](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Sorites_paradox#Resolutions_in_utility_theory)
|
[Sorites paradox in utility theory](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Sorites_paradox#Resolutions_in_utility_theory)
|
||||||
|
|
||||||
|
## Normative and Descriptive Utility
|
||||||
|
|
||||||
|
**Normative utility** is utility as self-reported,
|
||||||
|
subject to the biases of the party.
|
||||||
|
|
||||||
|
**Descriptive utility** is utility as determined from the party's behavior.
|
||||||
|
|||||||
@@ -1,11 +1,12 @@
|
|||||||
---
|
---
|
||||||
id:
|
id:
|
||||||
aliases: []
|
aliases: []
|
||||||
title:
|
title: Vanderbilt Central Neighborhood Residential College
|
||||||
tags:
|
tags:
|
||||||
- authorship/original
|
- authorship/original
|
||||||
- destiny/permanent
|
- destiny/permanent
|
||||||
- status/not-started
|
|
||||||
- occupational/project
|
- occupational/project
|
||||||
|
- status/not-started
|
||||||
dg-publish: true
|
dg-publish: true
|
||||||
---
|
---
|
||||||
|
# Vanderbilt Central Neighborhood Residential College
|
||||||
|
|||||||
Reference in New Issue
Block a user